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      A novel human coronavirus: Middle East respiratory syndrome human coronavirus

      review-article
      Author(s): ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Science China. Life Sciences
      Publisher: Science China Press
      Keywords: HCoV-EMC, MERS-CoV, genomic characterisation, molecular detection

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          Abstract

          In 2012, a novel coronavirus, initially named as human coronavirus EMC (HCoV-EMC) but recently renamed as Middle East respiratory syndrome human coronavirus (MERS-CoV), was identified in patients who suffered severe acute respiratory infection and subsequent renal failure that resulted in death. Ongoing epidemiological investigations together with retrospective studies have found 61 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with this novel coronavirus, including 34 deaths to date. This novel coronavirus is culturable and two complete genome sequences are now available. Furthermore, molecular detection and indirect immunofluorescence assay have been developed. The present paper summarises the limited recent advances of this novel human coronavirus, including its discovery, genomic characterisation and detection.

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          Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia.

          Theo M. Bestebroer, Albert Osterhaus, Sander van Boheemen … (2012)
          A previously unknown coronavirus was isolated from the sputum of a 60-year-old man who presented with acute pneumonia and subsequent renal failure with a fatal outcome in Saudi Arabia. The virus (called HCoV-EMC) replicated readily in cell culture, producing cytopathic effects of rounding, detachment, and syncytium formation. The virus represents a novel betacoronavirus species. The closest known relatives are bat coronaviruses HKU4 and HKU5. Here, the clinical data, virus isolation, and molecular identification are presented. The clinical picture was remarkably similar to that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and reminds us that animal coronaviruses can cause severe disease in humans.
          Article 0 comments Cited 3033 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China.

            Y Guan (2003)
            A novel coronavirus (SCoV) is the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). SCoV-like viruses were isolated from Himalayan palm civets found in a live-animal market in Guangdong, China. Evidence of virus infection was also detected in other animals (including a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides) and in humans working at the same market. All the animal isolates retain a 29-nucleotide sequence that is not found in most human isolates. The detection of SCoV-like viruses in small, live wild mammals in a retail market indicates a route of interspecies transmission, although the natural reservoir is not known.
            Article 0 comments Cited 1154 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats.

              S K P Lau, P Woo, K. S. M. Li … (2005)
              Although the finding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in caged palm civets from live animal markets in China has provided evidence for interspecies transmission in the genesis of the SARS epidemic, subsequent studies suggested that the civet may have served only as an amplification host for SARS-CoV. In a surveillance study for CoV in noncaged animals from the wild areas of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, we identified a CoV closely related to SARS-CoV (bat-SARS-CoV) from 23 (39%) of 59 anal swabs of wild Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) by using RT-PCR. Sequencing and analysis of three bat-SARS-CoV genomes from samples collected at different dates showed that bat-SARS-CoV is closely related to SARS-CoV from humans and civets. Phylogenetic analysis showed that bat-SARS-CoV formed a distinct cluster with SARS-CoV as group 2b CoV, distantly related to known group 2 CoV. Most differences between the bat-SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV genomes were observed in the spike genes, ORF 3 and ORF 8, which are the regions where most variations also were observed between human and civet SARS-CoV genomes. In addition, the presence of a 29-bp insertion in ORF 8 of bat-SARS-CoV genome, not in most human SARS-CoV genomes, suggests that it has a common ancestor with civet SARS-CoV. Antibody against recombinant bat-SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein was detected in 84% of Chinese horseshoe bats by using an enzyme immunoassay. Neutralizing antibody to human SARS-CoV also was detected in bats with lower viral loads. Precautions should be exercised in the handling of these animals.
              Article 0 comments Cited 825 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                WenJie Tan: tanwj28@yahoo.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci China Life Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci China Life Sci
                Title: Science China. Life Sciences
                Publisher: Science China Press (Beijing )
                ISSN (Print): 1674-7305
                ISSN (Electronic): 1869-1889
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 August 2013
                Publication date PMC-release: 7 August 2013
                Publication date (Print): 2013
                Volume: 56
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 683-687
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.198530.6, ISNI 0000000088032373, Biotech Center for Viral Disease Emergency, Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, ; Beijing, 102206 China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 4519
                DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4519-8
                PMC ID: 7089429
                PubMed ID: 23917839
                SO-VID: 7311f2b0-c752-4684-92f6-a1e033862d44
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2013
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 25 May 2013
                Date accepted : 15 June 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Science in China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH 2013

                Keywords: hcov-emc,mers-cov,genomic characterisation,molecular detection
                Data availability:
                Keywords: hcov-emc, mers-cov, genomic characterisation, molecular detection

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