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      Water scarcity assessments in the past, present, and future : REVIEW ON WATER SCARCITY ASSESSMENT

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="P1">Water scarcity has become a major constraint to socio-economic development and a threat to livelihood in increasing parts of the world. Since the late 1980s, water scarcity research has attracted much political and public attention. We here review a variety of indicators that have been developed to capture different characteristics of water scarcity. Population, water availability and water use are the key elements of these indicators. Most of the progress made in the last few decades has been on the quantification of water availability and use by applying spatially explicit models. However, challenges remain on appropriate incorporation of green water (soil moisture), water quality, environmental flow requirements, globalization and virtual water trade in water scarcity assessment. Meanwhile, inter- and intra- annual variability of water availability and use also calls for assessing the temporal dimension of water scarcity. It requires concerted efforts of hydrologists, economists, social scientists, and environmental scientists to develop integrated approaches to capture the multi-faceted nature of water scarcity. </p>

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Earth's Future
                Earth's Future
                Wiley-Blackwell
                23284277
                June 2017
                June 22 2017
                : 5
                : 6
                : 545-559
                Article
                10.1002/2016EF000518
                6204262
                30377623
                7316eab8-d6b0-4e13-acd1-0b1fe39e3381
                © 2017

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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