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      Batería ALPHA-Fitness: test de campo para la evaluación de la condición física relacionada con la salud en niños y adolescentes Translated title: ALPHA-fitness test battery: health-related field-based fitness tests assessment in children and adolescents

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          Abstract

          En el presente estudio describe el trabajo desarrollado para la creación de la batería ALPHA-Fitness de test de campo para la evaluación de la condición física relacionada con la salud en niños y adolescentes. La batería ALPHA-Fitness basada en la evidencia incluye los siguientes test: 1) test de ida y vuelta de 20 metros para evaluar la capacidad aeróbica, 2) test de fuerza de prensión manual y 3) test de salto de longitud a pies juntos para evaluar la capacidad músculo-esquelética, y 4) el IMC, 5) el perímetro de la cintura, y 6) los pliegues cutáneos (tríceps y subscapular) para evaluar la composición corporal. Además, se incluyen 2 variantes: i) batería ALPHA-Fitness de alta prioridad. Esta variante incluye todos los tests excepto la medida de pliegues cutáneos, y ii) la batería ALPHA-Fitness extendida, que incluye todos los test y además del test de velocidad y agilidad de 4 x 10 m.

          Translated abstract

          Hereby we summarize the work developed by the ALPHA (Assessing Levels of Physical Activity) Study and describe the tests included in the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents. The evidence-based ALPHA-Fitness test battery include the following tests: 1) the 20 m shuttle run test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness; 2) the handgrip strength and 3) standing broad jump to assess musculoskeletal fitness, and 4) body mass index, 5) waist circumference; and 6) skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) to assess body composition. Furthermore, we include two versions: 1) the high priority ALPHA health-related fitness test battery, which comprises all the evidence-based fitness tests except the measurement of the skinfold thickness; and 2) the extended ALPHA health-related fitness tests battery for children and adolescents, which includes all the evidence-based fitness tests plus the 4 x 10 m shuttle run test to assess motor fitness.

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          Predictive validity of health-related fitness in youth: a systematic review.

          The objective of the present systematic review was to investigate whether physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, events and syndromes, quality of life and low back pain later in life. Physical fitness-related components were: cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal fitness, motor fitness and body composition. Adiposity was considered as both exposure and outcome. The results of 42 studies reporting the predictive validity of health-related physical fitness for CVD risk factors, events and syndromes as well as the results of five studies reporting the predictive validity of physical fitness for low back pain in children and adolescents were summarised. Strong evidence was found indicating that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood and adolescence are associated with a healthier cardiovascular profile later in life. Muscular strength improvements from childhood to adolescence are negatively associated with changes in overall adiposity. A healthier body composition in childhood and adolescence is associated with a healthier cardiovascular profile later in life and with a lower risk of death. The evidence was moderate for the association between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and CVD risk factors, and between cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness. Moderate evidence on the lack of a relationship between body composition and low back pain was found. Due to a limited number of studies, inconclusive evidence emerged for a relationship between muscular strength or motor fitness and CVD risk factors, and between flexibility and low back pain.
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            Field-based fitness assessment in young people: the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents.

            The present study summarises the work developed by the ALPHA (Assessing Levels of Physical Activity) study and describes the procedures followed to select the tests included in the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents. The authors reviewed physical fitness and health in youth findings from cross-sectional studies. The authors also performed three systematic reviews dealing with (1) the predictive validity of health-related fitness, (2) the criterion validity of field-based fitness tests and (3) the reliability of field-based fitness tests in youth. The authors also carried out 11-methodological studies to determine the criterion validity and the reliability of several field-based fitness tests for youth. Finally, the authors performed a study in the school setting to examine the reliability, feasibility and safety of the selected tests. The selected fitness tests were (1) the 20 m shuttle run test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness; (2) the handgrip strength and (3) standing broad jump to assess musculoskeletal fitness, and (4) body mass index, (5) skinfold thickness and (5) waist circumference to assess body composition. When there are time limits, the authors propose the high-priority ALPHA health-related fitness test battery, which comprises all the evidence-based fitness tests except the measurement of the skinfold thickness. The time required to administer this battery to a group of 20 youth by one physical education teacher is less than 2 h. In conclusion, the ALPHA fitness tests battery is valid, reliable, feasible and safe for the assessment of health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents to be used for health monitoring purposes at population level.
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              Criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in youth: a systematic review.

              The objective of this systematic review was to comprehensively study the criterion-related validity of the existing field-based fitness tests used in children and adolescents. The studies were scored according to the number of subjects, description of the study population and statistical analysis. Each study was classified as high, low and very low quality. Three levels of evidence were constructed: strong evidence, when consistent findings were observed in three or more high quality studies; moderate evidence, when consistent findings were observed in two high quality studies; and limited evidence when consistency of findings and/or the number of studies did not achieve the criteria for moderate. The results of 73 studies (50 of high quality) addressing the criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in children and adolescents indicate the following: that there is strong evidence indicating that the 20 m shuttle run test is a valid test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness, that the hand-grip strength test is a valid measure of musculoskeletal fitness, that skin fold thickness and body mass index are good estimates of body composition, and that waist circumference is a valid measure to estimate central body fat. Moderate evidence was found that the 1-mile run/walk test is a valid test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. A large number of other field-based fitness tests presented limited evidence, mainly due to a limited number of studies (one for each test). The results of the present systematic review should be interpreted with caution due to the substantial lack of consistency in reporting and designing the existing validity studies.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                December 2011
                : 26
                : 6
                : 1210-1214
                Affiliations
                [01] Granada orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte orgdiv2Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva España
                [02] Huddinge orgnameNOVUM. Karolinska Institutet orgdiv1Department of Biosciences and Nutrition orgdiv2Unit for Preventive Nutrition Sweden
                [06] Zaragoza orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group España
                [05] Puerto Real orgnameUniversidad de Cádiz orgdiv1Escuela de Educación orgdiv2Departamento de Educación Física España
                [03] Granada orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Fisiología Médica España
                [08] Tampere orgnameUKK Institute for Health Promotion Research Finland
                [04] Columbia South Carolina orgnameUniversity of South Carolina orgdiv1Department of Exercise Science USA
                [07] Zaragoza orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Fisioterapia y Enfermería España
                Article
                S0212-16112011000600003
                7326bac5-8a55-47f4-aae3-1d087fd42dec

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 April 2011
                : 08 April 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Condición física,Salud,Niños,Adolescentes,Actividad física,Physical fitness,Health,Children,Adolescents,Physical activity

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