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      The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations.

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      Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          To successfully negotiate the developmental transition between youth and adulthood, adolescents must maneuver this often stressful period while acquiring skills necessary for independence. Certain behavioral features, including age-related increases in social behavior and risk-taking/novelty-seeking, are common among adolescents of diverse mammalian species and may aid in this process. Reduced positive incentive values from stimuli may lead adolescents to pursue new appetitive reinforcers through drug use and other risk-taking behaviors, with their relative insensitivity to drugs supporting comparatively greater per occasion use. Pubertal increases in gonadal hormones are a hallmark of adolescence, although there is little evidence for a simple association of these hormones with behavioral change during adolescence. Prominent developmental transformations are seen in prefrontal cortex and limbic brain regions of adolescents across a variety of species, alterations that include an apparent shift in the balance between mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine systems. Developmental changes in these stressor-sensitive regions, which are critical for attributing incentive salience to drugs and other stimuli, likely contribute to the unique characteristics of adolescence.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Neurosci Biobehav Rev
          Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
          Elsevier BV
          0149-7634
          0149-7634
          Jun 2000
          : 24
          : 4
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Psychology and Center for Developmental Psychobiology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA. lspear@binghamton.edu
          Article
          S0149-7634(00)00014-2
          10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00014-2
          10817843
          736237a3-ee72-47c1-9abc-a34bc4f01177
          History

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