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      Expression of Human Kallikreins 4, 8, 10, 11 and 13 in Pleomorphic Adenomas and Mucoepidermoid Carcinomas

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          Abstract

          Background:

          In cancers of prostate, breast, oropharynx, lung, hypopharynx and skin, human tissue kallikreins has been demonstrated as a main role in these problems. There are many research works in which some human tissue kallikreins are expressed in salivary glands. In the present study, the main goal was to determine expression of human tissue kallikreins 4, 8, 10, 11 and 13 in pleomorphic adenomas and mucoepidermoid carcinomas.

          Methods:

          Sixty-six specimens (45 cases of pleomorphic adenomas and 21 cases mucoepidermoid carcinomas) were selected for final analysis by immunohistochemistry. For doing association test, clinical parameters obtained from the patients’ medical charts, which included age, gender were used and the nonparametric tests employed for statistical analyses.

          Results:

          The expression of human kallikreins 4, 8, 11 and 13 was more prominent in benign and malignant tumors compared to that in normal tissues and the difference was significant. In addition, the expression of human kallikreins 4, 8, 10 and 11 in malignant tumors was more than that in benign tumors, with statistically significant differences.

          Conclusion:

          The differences in the levels of human kallikreins 4, 8, 11 and 13 suggest that kallikreins may benefit in determining tumor behavior of salivary gland tumors.

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          Most cited references44

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          Classification of human lung carcinomas by mRNA expression profiling reveals distinct adenocarcinoma subclasses.

          We have generated a molecular taxonomy of lung carcinoma, the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and worldwide. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we analyzed mRNA expression levels corresponding to 12,600 transcript sequences in 186 lung tumor samples, including 139 adenocarcinomas resected from the lung. Hierarchical and probabilistic clustering of expression data defined distinct subclasses of lung adenocarcinoma. Among these were tumors with high relative expression of neuroendocrine genes and of type II pneumocyte genes, respectively. Retrospective analysis revealed a less favorable outcome for the adenocarcinomas with neuroendocrine gene expression. The diagnostic potential of expression profiling is emphasized by its ability to discriminate primary lung adenocarcinomas from metastases of extra-pulmonary origin. These results suggest that integration of expression profile data with clinical parameters could aid in diagnosis of lung cancer patients.
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            Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

            To compare the clinical usefulness of the serum markers prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), we measured them by radioimmunoassay in 2200 serum samples from 699 patients, 378 of whom had prostatic cancer. PSA was elevated in 122 of 127 patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostatic cancer, including 7 of 12 patients with unsuspected early disease and all of 115 with more advanced disease. The PSA level increased with advancing clinical stage and was proportional to the estimated volume of the tumor. The PAP concentration was elevated in only 57 of the patients with cancer and correlated less closely with tumor volume. PSA was increased in 86 percent and PAP in 14 percent of the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. After radical prostatectomy for cancer, PSA routinely fell to undetectable levels, with a half-life of 2.2 days. If initially elevated, PAP fell to normal levels within 24 hours but always remained detectable. In six patients followed postoperatively by means of repeated measurements, PSA--but not PAP--appeared to be useful in detecting residual and early recurrence of tumor and in monitoring responses to radiation therapy. Prostate massage increased the levels of both PSA and PAP approximately 1.5 to 2 times. Needle biopsy and transurethral resection increased both considerably. We conclude that PSA is more sensitive than PAP in the detection of prostatic cancer and will probably be more useful in monitoring responses and recurrence after therapy. However, since both PSA and PAP may be elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia, neither marker is specific.
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              The emerging roles of human tissue kallikreins in cancer.

              Human tissue kallikreins (hKs), which are encoded by the largest contiguous cluster of protease genes in the human genome, are secreted serine proteases with diverse expression patterns and physiological roles. Although primarily known for their clinical applicability as cancer biomarkers, recent evidence implicates hKs in many cancer-related processes, including cell-growth regulation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. They have been shown to promote or inhibit neoplastic progression, acting individually and/or in cascades with other hKs and proteases, and might represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Iran J Pathol
                Iran J Pathol
                IJP
                Iranian Journal of Pathology
                Iranian Society of Pathology (Tehran, Iran )
                1735-5303
                2345-3656
                Fall 2016
                : 11
                : 4
                : 334-344
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Kerman Dental and Oral Diseases Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran .
                [2 ] School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
                Author notes
                Corresponding Information: Dr. Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Tel: 00989132996183 Email: m_s_hashemipour@yahoo.com
                Article
                ijp-11-334
                5563931
                737e51b4-cbb8-4738-956d-edf4ce74ea51
                ©Iran J Pathol. All rights reserved.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 20 July 2016
                : 20 September 2015
                Categories
                Original Article

                human kallikreins,benign,malignant,salivary gland tumors

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