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      A interface entre Saúde Pública e Cibercultura Translated title: The interface between public health and cyberculture

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          Abstract

          Este artigo, de caráter opinativo, propõe uma reflexão sobre como está a relação entre a cibercultura e a saúde pública e sua utilização como meio de pesquisa, e não apenas como instrumento. Cibercultura seria então uma nova forma de relação entre sujeitos. É justamente "através" e "pelas" relações sociais que os indivíduos adquirem habilidades técnicas e comunicação. Mudam-se as formas relacionais, os meios, mas os fins permanecem os mesmos: o de estarem em contato com outros humanos. Nas últimas décadas, com o advento do computador, Internet e todo aparato tecnológico, as relações humanas se veem intermediadas por estes, o que caracteriza algo atual, denominado de cibercultura. Esta hoje influencia todas as áreas de atuação e a saúde pública não pode ficar de fora, entendendo esta e seus benefícios para seu desenvolvimento. Precisamos estar atentos a essas mudanças e trazê-las do plano teórico para o plano prático, implementando não somente políticas públicas de saúde que levem em conta o sócio-virtual, mas também, enquanto profissionais, nos atualizarmos sobre as novas formas de comunicação, interação, metodologia de pesquisa, elaboração de instrumentos, abordagens de amostragem e todos os demais fenômenos decorrentes da cibercultura que trabalharão em parceria com a saúde pública.

          Translated abstract

          This is an opinion piece that proposes a reflection on the current status of the interface between cyberculture and public health and its use as a means for research, not as a mere tool. Cyberculture thus represents a new form of interface between people. And it is precisely "through" and "by means of" social relations that individuals acquire skills and communication techniques. The forms and the means of the relationship alters, but the ends remain unchanged, namely to be in contact with other humans. In recent decades, with the advent of computers, the Internet and all the technological apparatus, human relationships are dependent on them, which is the modern so-called cyberculture. This now affects all areas of activity, and public health cannot be left behind, taking advantage of it and its benefits for its development. It is necessary to keep abreast of these changes and raise them from the theoretical to the practical plane, not only implementing public health policies but also taking the socio-virtual aspects into consideration. It is also necessary for the professionals involved to be updated on new forms of communication, interaction, research methodology, preparation of instruments, sampling approaches and all other phenomena arising from cyberculture that will work in partnership with public health.

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          Most cited references33

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          Making Friends in Cyberspace

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            HealthMap: Global Infectious Disease Monitoring through Automated Classification and Visualization of Internet Media Reports

            Objective Unstructured electronic information sources, such as news reports, are proving to be valuable inputs for public health surveillance. However, staying abreast of current disease outbreaks requires scouring a continually growing number of disparate news sources and alert services, resulting in information overload. Our objective is to address this challenge through the HealthMap.org Web application, an automated system for querying, filtering, integrating and visualizing unstructured reports on disease outbreaks. Design This report describes the design principles, software architecture and implementation of HealthMap and discusses key challenges and future plans. Measurements We describe the process by which HealthMap collects and integrates outbreak data from a variety of sources, including news media (e.g., Google News), expert-curated accounts (e.g., ProMED Mail), and validated official alerts. Through the use of text processing algorithms, the system classifies alerts by location and disease and then overlays them on an interactive geographic map. We measure the accuracy of the classification algorithms based on the level of human curation necessary to correct misclassifications, and examine geographic coverage. Results As part of the evaluation of the system, we analyzed 778 reports with HealthMap, representing 87 disease categories and 89 countries. The automated classifier performed with 84% accuracy, demonstrating significant usefulness in managing the large volume of information processed by the system. Accuracy for ProMED alerts is 91% compared to Google News reports at 81%, as ProMED messages follow a more regular structure. Conclusion HealthMap is a useful free and open resource employing text-processing algorithms to identify important disease outbreak information through a user-friendly interface.
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              Internet-based surveillance of Influenza-like-illness in the UK during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic

              Background Internet-based surveillance systems to monitor influenza-like illness (ILI) have advantages over traditional (physician-based) reporting systems, as they can potentially monitor a wider range of cases (i.e. including those that do not seek care). However, the requirement for participants to have internet access and to actively participate calls into question the representativeness of the data. Such systems have been in place in a number of European countries over the last few years, and in July 2009 this was extended to the UK. Here we present results of this survey with the aim of assessing the reliability of the data, and to evaluate methods to correct for possible biases. Methods Internet-based monitoring of ILI was launched near the peak of the first wave of the UK H1N1v influenza pandemic. We compared the recorded ILI incidence with physician-recorded incidence and an estimate of the true number of cases over the course of the epidemic. We also compared overall attack rates. The effect of using different ILI definitions and alternative denominator assumptions on incidence estimates was explored. Results The crude incidence measured by the internet-based system appears to be influenced by individuals who participated only once in the survey and who appeared more likely to be ill. This distorted the overall incidence trend. Concentrating on individuals who reported more than once results in a time series of ILI incidence that matches the trend of case estimates reasonably closely, with a correlation of 0.713 (P-value: 0.0001, 95% CI: 0.435, 0.867). Indeed, the internet-based system appears to give a better estimate of the relative height of the two waves of the UK pandemic than the physician-recorded incidence. The overall attack rate is, however, higher than other estimates, at about 16% when compared with a model-based estimate of 6%. Conclusion Internet-based monitoring of ILI can capture the trends in case numbers if appropriate weighting is used to correct for differential response. The overall level of incidence is, however, difficult to measure. Internet-based systems may be a useful adjunct to existing ILI surveillance systems as they capture cases that do not necessarily contact health care. However, further research is required before they can be used to accurately assess the absolute level of incidence in the community.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro )
                1413-8123
                February 2014
                : 19
                : 2
                : 481-485
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                Article
                S1413-81232014000200481
                10.1590/1413-81232014192.21512012
                738f994c-789b-48dd-8a2c-c251a57d1a31

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-8123&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Cyiberculture,Public health,Research,Cibercultura,Saúde pública,Pesquisa
                Public health
                Cyiberculture, Public health, Research, Cibercultura, Saúde pública, Pesquisa

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