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      Pelviperitonitis gonocócica: un reto diagnóstico Translated title: Gonococcal pelviperitonitis: a diagnostic challenge

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Resumen Neisseria gonorrhoeae es el segundo agente etiológico de enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica y actualmente sigue infradiagnosticado debido a su presentación asintomática en la mitad de los casos. Cuando presenta síntomas puede debutar con un abdomen agudo y pruebas de imagen normales, suponiendo un importante reto diagnóstico. Se presentan cuatro casos de peritonitis aguda por gonococo. El síntoma principal fue dolor abdominal agudo, mientras que la exploración ginecológica y las pruebas complementarias resultaron normales. Mediante laparoscopia, el único hallazgo relevante fue la existencia de líquido ascítico purulento. El estudio anatomopatológico del apéndice resultó normal en todos los casos. El cultivo endocervical y de líquido ascítico mostró infección por N. gonorrhoeae y, en un caso, infección concomitante con Chlamydia trachomatis. El tratamiento definitivo fue la antibioterapia intravenosa. Ante el diagnóstico de una peritonitis sin causa aparente en una mujer joven sexualmente activa es relevante descartar enfermedades de transmisión sexual.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the second most common etiological agent of pelvic inflammatory disease and is currently underdiagnosed due to its asymptomatic presentation in 50% of cases. When the disease presents, it may appear in the form of acute abdomen and normal imaging tests, making it a major diagnostic challenge. We present four cases of acute gonococcal peritonitis. The main symptom was acute abdominal pain, and both the gynecological examination and complementary tests showed normal results. The only notable finding from the laparoscopy was the existence of purulent ascitic fluid. The results of the anatomical and pathological tests were all normal. Endocervical and ascitic fluid culture showed infection with N. gonorrhoeae, and in one case, concomitant infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. The definitive treatment applied was intravenous antibiotic therapy. When a sexually active young woman is diagnosed with peritonitis that has no apparent cause, it is important to rule out sexually transmitted diseases.

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          Most cited references16

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          Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008.

          Most sexually active people will be infected with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) at some point in their lives. The number of STIs in the United States was previously estimated in 2000. We updated previous estimates to reflect the number of STIs for calendar year 2008. We reviewed available data and literature and conservatively estimated incident and prevalent infections nationally for 8 common STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B, HIV, and trichomoniasis. Where available, data from nationally representative surveys such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to provide national estimates of STI prevalence or incidence. The strength of each estimate was rated good, fair, or poor, according to the quality of the evidence. In 2008, there were an estimated 110 million prevalent STIs among women and men in the United States. Of these, more than 20% of infections (22.1 million) were among women and men aged 15 to 24 years. Approximately 19.7 million incident infections occurred in the United States in 2008; nearly 50% (9.8 million) were acquired by young women and men aged 15 to 24 years. Human papillomavirus infections, many of which are asymptomatic and do not cause disease, accounted for most of both prevalent and incident infections. Sexually transmitted infections are common in the United States, with a disproportionate burden among young adolescents and adults. Public health efforts to address STIs should focus on prevention among at-risk populations to reduce the number and impact of STIs.
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            Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Global surveillance and a call for international collaborative action

            In a Policy Forum, Teodora Wi and colleagues discuss the challenges of antimicrobial resistance in gonococci.
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              Chlamydia trachomatis as possible cause of peritonitis and perihepatitis in young women.

              Of 11 young women with acute peritonitis proved by laparoscopy, seven of whom also had perihepatitis, nine had serological evidence of recent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis; In five of these nine patients high antibody titres to chlamydiae were found without laboratory evidence of gonococcal infection, while the other four had evidence of simultaneous gonococcal infection. C trachomatis may play an important part in peritoneal inflammation previously attributed only to gonococci.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                asisna
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Anales Sis San Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                1137-6627
                April 2021
                : 44
                : 1
                : 107-112
                Affiliations
                [2] Zaragoza orgnameHospital Universitario Miguel Servet orgdiv1Servicio de Microbiología
                [1] Zaragoza orgnameHospital Universitario Miguel Servet orgdiv1Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia
                Article
                S1137-66272021000100010 S1137-6627(21)04400100010
                10.23938/assn.0931
                73ad87db-68a9-4ff6-9043-84fe6a793d54

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 December 2020
                : 22 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Notas Clínicas

                Acute abdomen,Pelvic inflammatory disease,Gonococcal pelviperitonitis,Diagnóstico diferencial,Dolor abdominal agudo,Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica,Pelviperitonitis gonocócica,Differential diagnosis

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