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      Measurement-Induced Phase Transitions in the Dynamics of Entanglement

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      Physical Review X
      American Physical Society (APS)

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          Monte Carlo wave-function method in quantum optics

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            Quantum thermalization through entanglement in an isolated many-body system

            Statistical mechanics relies on the maximization of entropy in a system at thermal equilibrium. However, an isolated quantum many-body system initialized in a pure state remains pure during Schrödinger evolution, and in this sense it has static, zero entropy. We experimentally studied the emergence of statistical mechanics in a quantum state and observed the fundamental role of quantum entanglement in facilitating this emergence. Microscopy of an evolving quantum system indicates that the full quantum state remains pure, whereas thermalization occurs on a local scale. We directly measured entanglement entropy, which assumes the role of the thermal entropy in thermalization. The entanglement creates local entropy that validates the use of statistical physics for local observables. Our measurements are consistent with the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.
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              Huse, Henley, and Fisher respond

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                PRXHAE
                Physical Review X
                Phys. Rev. X
                American Physical Society (APS)
                2160-3308
                July 2019
                July 22 2019
                : 9
                : 3
                Article
                10.1103/PhysRevX.9.031009
                73cfd536-bee6-4cb4-b78f-b9f8b531316a
                © 2019

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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