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      Emergent reduced dimensionality by vertex frustration in artificial spin ice

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          Most cited references29

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          The electronic properties of graphene

          This article reviews the basic theoretical aspects of graphene, a one atom thick allotrope of carbon, with unusual two-dimensional Dirac-like electronic excitations. The Dirac electrons can be controlled by application of external electric and magnetic fields, or by altering sample geometry and/or topology. We show that the Dirac electrons behave in unusual ways in tunneling, confinement, and integer quantum Hall effect. We discuss the electronic properties of graphene stacks and show that they vary with stacking order and number of layers. Edge (surface) states in graphene are strongly dependent on the edge termination (zigzag or armchair) and affect the physical properties of nanoribbons. We also discuss how different types of disorder modify the Dirac equation leading to unusual spectroscopic and transport properties. The effects of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions in single layer and multilayer graphene are also presented.
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            Experiments on simple magnetic model systems

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              Artificial "spin ice" in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands

              We report an artificial geometrically frustrated magnet based on an array of lithographically fabricated single-domain ferromagnetic islands. The islands are arranged such that the dipole interactions create a two-dimensional analogue to spin ice. Images of the magnetic moments of individual elements in this correlated system allow us to study the local accommodation of frustration. We see both ice-like short-range correlations and an absence of long-range correlations, behaviour which is strikingly similar to the lowtemperature state of spin ice. These results demonstrate that artificial frustrated magnets can provide an uncharted arena in which the physics of frustration can be directly visualized.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nature Physics
                Nat Phys
                Springer Nature
                1745-2473
                1745-2481
                October 26 2015
                October 26 2015
                : 12
                : 2
                : 162-165
                Article
                10.1038/nphys3520
                73da29b8-d345-40eb-8c6d-3a1eba454d8d
                © 2015
                History

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