Cypermethrin induced histological changes in gonadotrophic cells, liver, gonads, plasma levels of estradiol-17β and 11-ketotestosterone, and sperm motility in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)
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Abstract
The aim of the present investigation is to assess the impact of cypermethrin on reproductive
physiology in catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis during prespawning phase. Results indicate
that there is a decrease in the size of gonadotrophic cells with less granulation,
pycnosis in the liver, presence of immature oocytes and atretic follicles in the ovaries
and gross condensation of spermatogenic cells in testes after cypermethrin exposure
at sublethal concentration. The gonado-somatic index (GSI), plasma levels of estradiol-17beta
(E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) also decreases. The motility of sperm cells is
dependent on the dilution (2000 times) and duration of motility is recorded 2min maximally
at 90s after post-activation. The dose 0.1 and 0.01ppm is sublethal, while 1ppm is
lethal on sperm motility. Results indicate that cypermethrin causes inhibition of
reproduction by acting at the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis as is manifest
from the histological observations of gonadotrophs along with disruption of follicular
wall and spermatogenic cells. Obviously such changes are responsible for decreasing
the steroid hormone levels which result in decreasing scale and duration of sperm
motility after 45d exposure of cypermethrin in this species.