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      Sex differences in pain and pain inhibition: multiple explanations of a controversial phenomenon.

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      Nature reviews. Neuroscience
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          A clear majority of patients with chronic pain are women; however, it has been surprisingly difficult to determine whether this sex bias corresponds to actual sex differences in pain sensitivity. A survey of the currently available epidemiological and laboratory data indicates that the evidence for clinical and experimental sex differences in pain is overwhelming. Various explanations for this phenomenon have been given, ranging from experiential and sociocultural differences in pain experience between men and women to hormonally and genetically driven sex differences in brain neurochemistry.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nat Rev Neurosci
          Nature reviews. Neuroscience
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1471-0048
          1471-003X
          December 2012
          : 13
          : 12
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Psychology and the Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada. jeffrey.mogil@mcgill.ca
          Article
          nrn3360
          10.1038/nrn3360
          23165262
          73e854a0-add3-4330-b17a-46813e51bfbc
          History

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