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Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood, but recent
advances in genomics have increased our understanding of the mechanisms by which HBV,
HCV, alcohol, fatty liver disease, and other environmental factors, such as aflatoxin,
cause liver cancer. Genetic analyses of liver tissues from patients have provided
important information about tumor initiation and progression. Findings from these
studies can potentially be used to individualize the management of HCC. In addition
to sorafenib, other multikinase inhibitors have recently been approved for treatment
of HCC and the preliminary success of immunotherapy has raised hopes. Continued progress
in genomic medicine could improve classification of HCCs based on their molecular
features and lead to new treatments for patients with liver cancer.