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      La duda vacunal en España (1801), Ruiz de Luzuriaga en defensa de la vacunación Translated title: Vaccine hesitancy in Spain (1801), Ruiz de Luzuriaga responses in defense of vaccination

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          RESUMEN

          La rápida difusión del método jenneriano se cimentó en la sencillez para practicarlo, en su aparente eficacia para combatir las viruelas y en su oportunidad epidemiológica, ya que apareció en el momento de mayor recrudecimiento de la enfermedad.

          El impulso inicial para su propagación, que originó un reconocido movimiento de protección de la salud poblacional, no estuvo exento de controversia. A la vez que se iban sumando defensores de la vacuna, aparecían opiniones contrarias que utilizaban críticas diversas para desprestigiarla. La más común era divulgar sus supuestos fracasos utilizando los medios de comunicación de la época, para lo que se aireaban casos ocurridos en los hijos de personalidades notables de la sociedad.

          Ignacio María Ruiz de Luzuriaga (1763-1822), en calidad de secretario de la Real Academia de Medicina Matritense asumió un papel catalizador, convirtiéndose en protagonista de la historia inicial de la vacunación en España. Ha sido considerado como introductor, divulgador y ardiente defensor de la vacuna, tal como se desprende del análisis de la abultada correspondencia que generó entre 1801 y 1802, catalogada como “Papeles sobre la vacuna”. Estos documentos, conservados en la biblioteca de la Academia, muestran su actividad como propagador del método y de su capacidad para dar respuesta a las dudas e inquietudes relacionadas con sus posibles efectos adversos, evitando que se pusiera en peligro la continuidad de las vacunaciones.

          ABSTRACT

          The rapid diffusion of the jennerian method was founded in simplicity to practice, in its apparent effectiveness in combating smallpox and its epidemiological opportunity, as it appeared at the time of greatest recrudescence of the disease.

          The initial impulse for it’s propagation, which originated a recognized movement to protect population health, was not without controversy. At the same time that defenders of the vaccine were added, opposite opinions appeared that used diverse critics to discredit it. The most common was to reveal their alleged failures using the media of the time, so cases were reported that occurred in the children of notable people in society.

          Ignacio María Ruiz de Luzuriaga (1763-1822), as secretary of the Royal Academy of Medicine he assumed a catalytic role, becoming the protagonist of the initial history of vaccination in Spain. It has been considered as an introducer, disseminator and ardent defender of the vaccine, as can be seen from the analysis of the bulky correspondence generated between 1801 and 1802 cataloged as “Papeles sobre la vacuna”. These documents, preserved in the Academy library, show their activity as a propagator of the method and its capacity to respond to the doubts and concerns related to their possible adverse effects, avoiding jeopardizing the continuity of vaccines.

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          Most cited references26

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          Vaccinology: the name, the concept, the adjectives.

          The visibility of the term vaccinology has become more pronounced in the 21st century in defining a scientific field that has absorbed aspects from different scientific domains until finally acquiring an identity of its own. As a result, vaccinology brings together a long tradition of researchers who have operated within a linear paradigm and incorporates new generations of scientists who have forged an exciting and diverse network of knowledge within this field. The term vaccinology, which initially appeared in isolation at the time of Jenner and once again with the emergence of the Pasteurian model, acquired further prominence thanks to the efforts of the vaccinologists who chronicled the production of vaccines in the last third of the 20th century. The term has since become truly consolidated, with the appearance of new adjectives during this century. This study provides a historical perspective for the frequency of use and evolution of this increasingly widespread term. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            An Inquiry into Causes an Effects of Variolae Vaccinae, a Disease, discovered in some of the Western Counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and Know by the Name of Cow Pox

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              Controversias sobre vacunas en España, una oportunidad para la vacunología social

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                02 November 2020
                2020
                : 94
                : 202002004
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalHospital Universitario del Vinalopó. Elche. Alicante. España. orgnameHospital Universitario del Vinalopó Elche, Alicante, España
                [2 ] originalCátedra Balmis de Vacunología. Universidad de Alicante. Alicante. España. orgnameUniversidad de Alicante orgdiv1Cátedra Balmis de Vacunología Alicante, España
                Author notes
                Correspondencia: José Tuells. Cátedra Balmis de Vacunología. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Alicante. Campus San Vicente de Raspeig, 03080 Alicante, España. tuells@ 123456ua.es

                Los autores declaran que no existe conflicto de intereses.

                Article
                e202002004
                11566638
                7410aaa2-4c6e-48c0-9467-6dbb532bfa9c

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 22 November 2019
                : 13 December 2019
                : 13 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28
                Funding
                Funded by: Fundación Española de Vacunología
                Award ID: FEV1-11PA
                Parte del estudio ha sido fnanciado con una ayuda a la investigación de la Fundación Española de Vacunología, Proyecto “Los papeles sobre la vacuna” (FEV1-11PA).
                Categories
                Colaboraciones Especiales

                vacuna,viruela,efectos adversos,duda vacunal,correspondencia,prensa,ignacio maría ruiz de luzuriaga,smallpox,vaccine,adverse effects,vaccine hesitancy,correspondence,press

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