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Abstract
EEG is a primary method for studying temporally precise neuronal processes across
the lifespan. Most of this work focuses on event related potentials (ERPs); however,
using time-locked time frequency analysis to decompose the EEG signal can identify
and distinguish multiple changes in brain oscillations underlying cognition (Bastiaansen
et al., 2010). Further this measure is thought to reflect changes in inter-neuronal
communication more directly than ERPs (Nunez and Srinivasan, 2006). Although time
frequency has elucidated cognitive processes in adults, applying it to cognitive development
is still rare. Here, we review the basics of neuronal oscillations, some of what they
reveal about adult cognitive function, and what little is known relating to children.
We focus on language because it develops early and engages complex cortical networks.
Additionally, because time frequency analysis of the EEG related to adult language
comprehension has been incredibly informative, using similar methods with children
will shed new light on current theories of language development and increase our understanding
of how neural processes change over the lifespan. Our goal is to emphasize the power
of this methodology and encourage its use throughout developmental cognitive neuroscience.