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      A New Era of Laparoscopic Revision of Kasai Portoenterostomy for the Treatment of Biliary Atresia

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          Abstract

          Purpose. Kasai portoenterostomy is the standard therapy for biliary atresia (BA). If Kasai is unsuccessful, there is controversy over whether revision of Kasai restores adequate biliary drainage. Although there are several reports of laparoscopic Kasai (Lap-Kasai), none has described laparoscopic revision (Lap-revision). The purposes of this study were to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of Lap-revision. Methods. 65 patients underwent open Kasai between November 2001 and November 2013, and 12 patients underwent Lap-Kasai between December 2013 to January 2015. The indications for revision included bile flow cessation and recurrent cholangitis. Clinical data were compared between open and laparoscopic revisions of Kasai. Results. Open revision of Kasai was performed in 20 patients after open Kasai, and Lap-revision was performed in 4 patients after Lap-Kasai. Lap-revision was completed without conversion or major complication in any patient. The bilirubin level was normalized by Lap-revision in all four patients, and three of them were alive with their native liver. Open and laparoscopic revisions of Kasai were comparable in terms of the operation time, blood loss, and surgical outcomes. Conclusion. Lap-revision is a feasible and effective method for the treatment of BA and might herald a new era for the treatment of this disease.

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          Most cited references10

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          Biliary atresia.

          Biliary atresia is a rare disease of infancy, which has changed within 30 years from being fatal to being a disorder for which effective palliative surgery or curative liver transplantation, or both, are available. Good outcomes for infants depend on early referral and timely Kasai portoenterostomy, and thus a high index of suspicion is needed for investigation of infants with persistent jaundice. In centres with much experience of treating this disorder, up to 60% of children will achieve biliary drainage after Kasai portoenterostomy and will have serum bilirubin within the normal range within 6 months. 80% of children who attain satisfactory biliary drainage will reach adolescence with a good quality of life without undergoing liver transplantation. Although much is known about management of biliary atresia, many aspects are poorly understood, including its pathogenesis. Several hypotheses exist, implicating genetic predisposition and dysregulation of immunity, but the cause is probably multifactorial, with obliterative extrahepatic cholangiopathy as the common endpoint. Researchers are focused on identification of relevant genetic and immune factors and understanding serum and hepatic factors that drive liver fibrosis after Kasai portoenterostomy. These factors might become therapeutic targets to halt the inevitable development of cirrhosis and need for liver transplantation.
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            Laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia.

            Conventional surgery for extrahepatic bile-duct atresia (EHBDA) usually requires a large, painful, muscle-cutting laparotomy, dislodgment of the liver, and wide manipulations, followed by adhesions and possible complications that may disturb the postoperative course and hamper liver transplantation (LT). The main role of laparoscopy in EHBDA has been for diagnostic purposes. Besides all the advantages of minimally-invasive access, it allows excellent visibility and dissection of tiny hilar structures. The authors present the first two cases of successful Roux-en-Y laparoscopic portoenterostomy (LARP) for EHBDA, showing the importance of advanced technical skills and a new approach for extracorporeal enteroanastomosis. Laparoscopic hilar dissection and portoenterostomy was accomplished using four trocars. The umbilical site was used for extracorporeal Roux-en-Y enteroenterostomy, in the first case using a laparoscopic stapler and in the second a hand-sewn suture. Mean operative time was 190 min, and no operative complications were observed. Both girls became anicteric. The first is doing well 15 months after the operation with good hepatic function. The other was anicteric for 6 months, had one episode of cholangitis, developed an umbilical hernia, has shown slow and progressive hepatic failure, and is now being evaluated for possible LT. It is concluded that LARP for EHBDA can be done safely in infants using an extracorporeal transumbilical enteric anastomosis, with several advantages compared with open surgery. The role of LARP in facilitating LT is yet to be defined.
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              Laparoscopic portoenterostomy versus open portoenterostomy for the treatment of biliary atresia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.

              Open portoenterostomy (OPE) remains the mainstay in treatment of biliary atresia, while during the past several years, the laparoscopic portoenterostomy (LPE) has been widely introduced. However, safety of LPE remains a major concern. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to review the currently available data comparing LPE and OPE.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biomed Res Int
                Biomed Res Int
                BMRI
                BioMed Research International
                Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                2314-6133
                2314-6141
                2015
                22 July 2015
                : 2015
                : 173014
                Affiliations
                Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: François Berthiaume

                Article
                10.1155/2015/173014
                4525460
                743e1396-de3b-4709-accf-196a0eb2929a
                Copyright © 2015 Naruhiko Murase et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 23 March 2015
                : 6 July 2015
                : 14 July 2015
                Categories
                Clinical Study

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