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      Determination of genetic and epigenetic effects of glyphosate on Triticum aestivum with RAPD and CRED-RA techniques

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          Cytosine methylation and the ecology of intragenomic parasites

          Jeffrey A. Yoder, Colum Walsh, Timothy Bestor (1997)
          Article 0 comments Cited 145 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Abiotic-stress induces demethylation and transcriptional activation of a gene encoding a glycerophosphodiesterase-like protein in tobacco plants.

            Chang-Sun Choi, Hiroshi Sano (2007)
            To examine the relationship between gene expression and DNA methylation, transcriptionally activated genes were screened in hypomethylated transgenic tobacco plants expressing an anti-DNA methyltransferase sequence. Among 16 genes initially identified, one clone was found to encode a glycerophosphodiesterase-like protein (NtGPDL), earlier reported to be responsive to aluminium stress. When detached leaves from wild type tobacco plants were treated with aluminium, NtGPDL transcripts were induced within 6 h, and corresponding genomic loci were demethylated at CCGG sites within 1 h. Direct bisulfite methylation mapping revealed that CG sites in coding regions were selectively demethylated, and that promoter regions were totally unmethylated regardless of the stress. Salt and low temperature treatments also induced similar demethylation patterns. Such effects could be attributable to oxidative stress, since reactive oxygen species generated by paraquat efficiently induced the same pattern of demethylation at coding regions. Pathogen infection induced neither transcripts nor genomic demethylation. These results suggested a close correlation between methylation and expression of NtGPDL upon abiotic stresses with a cause-effect relationship. Since DNA methylation is linked to histone modification, it is conceivable that demethylation at coding regions might induce alteration of chromatin structure, thereby enhancing transcription. We propose that environmental responses of plants are partly mediated through active alteration of the DNA methylation status.
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              Periodic DNA methylation in maize nucleosomes and demethylation by environmental stress.

              Y. Yamaguchi, Mikako Ito, Hiroshi Sano … (2002)
              When maize seedlings were exposed to cold stress, a genome-wide demethylation occurred in root tissues. Screening of genomic DNA identified one particular fragment that was demethylated during chilling. This 1.8-kb fragment, designated ZmMI1, contained part of the coding region of a putative protein and part of a retrotransposon-like sequence. ZmMI1 was transcribed only under cold stress. Direct methylation mapping revealed that hypomethylated regions spanning 150 bases alternated with hypermethylated regions spanning 50 bases. Analysis of nuclear DNA digested with micrococcal nuclease indicated that these regions corresponded to nucleosome cores and linkers, respectively. Cold stress induced severe demethylation in core regions but left linker regions relatively intact. Thus, methylation and demethylation were periodic in nucleosomes. The following biological significance is conceivable. First, because DNA methylation in nucleosomes induces alteration of gene expression by changing chromatin structures, vast demethylation may serve as a common switch for many genes that are simultaneously controlled upon environmental cues. Second, because artificial demethylation induces heritable changes in plant phenotype (Sano, H., Kamada, I., Youssefian, S., Katsumi, M., and Wabilko, H. (1990) Mol. Gen. Genet. 220, 441-447), altered DNA methylation may result in epigenetic inheritance, in which gene expression is modified without changing the nucleotide sequence.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology
                Abbreviated Title: Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol.
                Publisher: Springer Nature
                ISSN (Electronic): 2197-0025
                Publication date Created: June 2015
                Publication date (Print): June 2015
                Volume: 27
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 131-139
                Article
                DOI: 10.1007/s40626-015-0039-1
                SO-VID: 7440babd-2aa7-4baf-918c-5885fffd92b7
                Copyright © © 2015
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