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      Global dynamics of selective attention and its lapses in primary auditory cortex

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          Abstract

          Previous research demonstrated that while selectively attending to relevant aspects of the external world, the brain extracts pertinent information by aligning its neuronal oscillations to key time points of stimuli or their sampling by sensory organs. This alignment mechanism is termed oscillatory entrainment. We investigated the global, long-timescale dynamics of this mechanism in the primary auditory cortex of nonhuman primates, and hypothesized that lapses of entrainment would correspond to lapses of attention. By examining electrophysiological and behavioral measures we observed that besides the lack of entrainment by external stimuli, attentional lapses were characterized by high amplitude alpha oscillations, with alpha frequency structuring of neuronal ensemble and single unit operations. Strikingly, entrainment and alpha oscillation dominated periods were strongly anti-correlated and fluctuated rhythmically at an ultra-slow rate. Our results indicate that these two distinct brain states represent externally versus internally oriented computational resources engaged by large-scale task-positive and task-negative functional networks.

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          Most cited references35

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          Electrophysiological signatures of resting state networks in the human brain.

          Functional neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies have documented a dynamic baseline of intrinsic (not stimulus- or task-evoked) brain activity during resting wakefulness. This baseline is characterized by slow (<0.1 Hz) fluctuations of functional imaging signals that are topographically organized in discrete brain networks, and by much faster (1-80 Hz) electrical oscillations. To investigate the relationship between hemodynamic and electrical oscillations, we have adopted a completely data-driven approach that combines information from simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Using independent component analysis on the fMRI data, we identified six widely distributed resting state networks. The blood oxygenation level-dependent signal fluctuations associated with each network were correlated with the EEG power variations of delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma rhythms. Each functional network was characterized by a specific electrophysiological signature that involved the combination of different brain rhythms. Moreover, the joint EEG/fMRI analysis afforded a finer physiological fractionation of brain networks in the resting human brain. This result supports for the first time in humans the coalescence of several brain rhythms within large-scale brain networks as suggested by biophysical studies.
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            Rhythms of the Brain

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              Is Open Access

              The Role of Alpha-Band Brain Oscillations as a Sensory Suppression Mechanism during Selective Attention

              Evidence has amassed from both animal intracranial recordings and human electrophysiology that neural oscillatory mechanisms play a critical role in a number of cognitive functions such as learning, memory, feature binding and sensory gating. The wide availability of high-density electrical and magnetic recordings (64–256 channels) over the past two decades has allowed for renewed efforts in the characterization and localization of these rhythms. A variety of cognitive effects that are associated with specific brain oscillations have been reported, which range in spectral, temporal, and spatial characteristics depending on the context. Our laboratory has focused on investigating the role of alpha-band oscillatory activity (8–14 Hz) as a potential attentional suppression mechanism, and this particular oscillatory attention mechanism will be the focus of the current review. We discuss findings in the context of intersensory selective attention as well as intrasensory spatial and feature-based attention in the visual, auditory, and tactile domains. The weight of evidence suggests that alpha-band oscillations can be actively invoked within cortical regions across multiple sensory systems, particularly when these regions are involved in processing irrelevant or distracting information. That is, a central role for alpha seems to be as an attentional suppression mechanism when objects or features need to be specifically ignored or selected against.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                9809671
                21092
                Nat Neurosci
                Nat. Neurosci.
                Nature neuroscience
                1097-6256
                1546-1726
                13 August 2016
                12 September 2016
                December 2016
                12 March 2017
                : 19
                : 12
                : 1707-1717
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
                [2 ]Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
                [3 ]Department Physiology & Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Med. Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
                [4 ]Dept. Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
                [5 ]Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence should be addressed to P.L. ( plakatos@ 123456nki.rfmh.org )
                Article
                NIHMS810259
                10.1038/nn.4386
                5127770
                27618311
                748dc551-deba-43c9-94c9-53d7e6b85a58

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                Neurosciences
                Neurosciences

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