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      Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction in Rats: A Meta-Analysis

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Stem cell therapy is a novel method for the treatment of diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED). Many relative animal studies have been done to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy in rats.

          Aims

          This meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy of different stem cell therapies, to evaluate the influential factors and to determine the optimal stem cell therapeutic strategy for diabetic ED.

          Methods

          We searched the studies analyzing the efficacy of stem cell therapy for diabetic ED in rats published before September 30, 2015 in PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to assess the outcomes of stem cell therapy. Subgroup analysis was also performed by separating these studies based on their different characteristics. Changes in the ratio of intracavernous pressure (ICP) to mean arterial pressure (MAP) and in the structure of the cavernous body were compared.

          Results

          10 studies with 302 rats were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis of these studies showed a beneficial effect of stem cell therapy in improving erectile function of diabetic rats (SMD 4.03, 95% CI = 3.22 to 4.84, P< 0.001). In the stem cell therapy group, both the smooth muscle and endothelium content were much more than those in control group. There was also significant increase in the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen, as well as the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Besides, apoptotic cells were reduced by stem cell treatment. The subgroup analysis indicated that modified stem cells were more effective than those without modification.

          Conclusions

          Our results confirmed that stem cell therapy could apparently improve the erectile function of diabetic rats. Some specific modification, especially the gene modification with growth factors, could improve the efficacy of stem cell therapy. Stem cell therapy has potential to be an effective therapeutic strategy for diabetic ED.

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          Most cited references21

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          Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study.

          We provide current, normative data on the prevalence of impotence, and its physiological and psychosocial correlates in a general population using results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. The Massachusetts Male Aging Study was a community based, random sample observational survey of noninstitutionalized men 40 to 70 years old conducted from 1987 to 1989 in cities and towns near Boston, Massachusetts. Blood samples, physiological measures, socio-demographic variables, psychological indexes, and information on health status, medications, smoking and lifestyle were collected by trained interviewers in the subject's home. A self-administered sexual activity questionnaire was used to characterize erectile potency. The combined prevalence of minimal, moderate and complete impotence was 52%. The prevalence of complete impotence tripled from 5 to 15% between subject ages 40 and 70 years. Subject age was the variable most strongly associated with impotence. After adjustment for age, a higher probability of impotence was directly correlated with heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, associated medications, and indexes of anger and depression, and inversely correlated with serum dehydroepiandrosterone, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and an index of dominant personality. Cigarette smoking was associated with a greater probability of complete impotence in men with heart disease and hypertension. We conclude that impotence is a major health concern in light of the high prevalence, is strongly associated with age, has multiple determinants, including some risk factors for vascular disease, and may be due partly to modifiable para-aging phenomena.
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            Endothelial Dysfunction and Diabetes: Effects on Angiogenesis, Vascular Remodeling, and Wound Healing

            Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia due to lack of or resistance to insulin. Patients with DM are frequently afflicted with ischemic vascular disease or wound healing defect. It is well known that type 2 DM causes amplification of the atherosclerotic process, endothelial cell dysfunction, glycosylation of extracellular matrix proteins, and vascular denervation. These complications ultimately lead to impairment of neovascularization and diabetic wound healing. Therapeutic angiogenesis remains an attractive treatment modality for chronic ischemic disorders including PAD and/or diabetic wound healing. Many experimental studies have identified better approaches for diabetic cardiovascular complications, however, successful clinical translation has been limited possibly due to the narrow therapeutic targets of these agents or the lack of rigorous evaluation of pathology and therapeutic mechanisms in experimental models of disease. This paper discusses the current body of evidence identifying endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis during diabetes.
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              Diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management.

              Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability of the male to attain and maintain erection of penis sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse. Prevalence of impotence in diabetic men is ≥50%. The pathophysiology of diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction (DIED) is multifactorial and no single etiology is at the forefront. The proposed mechanisms of erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients includes elevated advanced glycation end-products, increased levels of oxygen free radicals, impaired nitric oxide synthesis, increased endothelin B receptor binding sites and up-regulated RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway, neuropathic damage and impaired cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase-1. The treatment of DIED is multimodal. Treatment of the underlying hyperglycemia and comorbidities is of utmost importance to prevent or halt the progression of disease. Oral medications are considered as the first line therapy for management of DIED. If oral agents cannot be used or have insufficient efficacy despite appropriate dosing and education, second-line treatments should be addressed. When there is lack of efficacy or when there is dissatisfaction with other modalities, penile prostheses are often the best alternative for ED and are considered as the third line therapy for DIED. Future strategies in the evolution of the treatment of DIED are aimed at correcting or treating the underlying mechanisms of DIED. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                25 April 2016
                2016
                : 11
                : 4
                : e0154341
                Affiliations
                [001]Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
                Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), GERMANY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Conceived and designed the experiments: JL ML HL. Performed the experiments: ML HL YR. Analyzed the data: ML HL TW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ML JL. Wrote the paper: ML HL.

                Article
                PONE-D-15-55017
                10.1371/journal.pone.0154341
                4844188
                27111659
                749295ba-6fb8-4370-a3af-62bd19e2a643
                © 2016 Li et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 1 February 2016
                : 11 April 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 2, Pages: 14
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Clinical Genetics
                Stem Cell Therapy
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Endocrinology
                Endocrine Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Metabolic Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
                Statistical Methods
                Meta-Analysis
                Physical Sciences
                Mathematics
                Statistics (Mathematics)
                Statistical Methods
                Meta-Analysis
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Cell Biology
                Cellular Types
                Animal Cells
                Stem Cells
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Muscles
                Smooth Muscles
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Muscles
                Smooth Muscles
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Endocrinology
                Endocrine Physiology
                Growth Factors
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Endocrine Physiology
                Growth Factors
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Endocrine Physiology
                Growth Factors
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Cell Biology
                Cell Processes
                Cell Death
                Apoptosis
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Cardiovascular Anatomy
                Endothelium
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Cardiovascular Anatomy
                Endothelium
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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