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      Glidescope ® video-laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis Translated title: Le vidéolaryngoscope Glidescope ® comparé à la laryngoscopie directe pour l’intubation trachéale : revue systématique de la littérature et méta-analyse

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      , MD 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , , , MD 1 , , MD 1 , , MD 2 , 3 , 5
      Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia
      Springer-Verlag

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          The Glidescope ® video-laryngoscopy appears to provide better glottic visualization than direct laryngoscopy. However, it remains unclear if it translates into increased success with intubation.

          Methods

          We systematically searched electronic databases, conference abstracts, and article references. We included trials in humans comparing Glidescope ® video-laryngoscopy to direct laryngoscopy regarding the glottic view, successful first-attempt intubation, and time to intubation. We generated pooled risk ratios or weighted mean differences across studies. Meta-regression was used to explore heterogeneity based on operator expertise and intubation difficulty.

          Results

          We included 17 trials with a total of 1,998 patients. The pooled relative risk (RR) of grade 1 laryngoscopy ( vs ≥ grade 2) for the Glidescope ® was 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 2.5]. Significant heterogeneity was partially explained by intubation difficulty using meta-regression analysis ( P = 0.003). The pooled RR for nondifficult intubations of grade 1 laryngoscopy ( vs ≥ grade 2) was 1.5 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.9), and for difficult intubations it was 3.5 (95% CI 2.3 to 5.5). There was no difference between the Glidescope ® and the direct laryngoscope regarding successful first-attempt intubation or time to intubation, although there was significant heterogeneity in both of these outcomes. In the two studies examining nonexperts, successful first-attempt intubation (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.4) and time to intubation (weighted mean difference −43 sec, 95% CI −72 to −14 sec) were improved using the Glidescope ®. These benefits were not seen with experts.

          Conclusion

          Compared to direct laryngoscopy, Glidescope ® video-laryngoscopy is associated with improved glottic visualization, particularly in patients with potential or simulated difficult airways.

          Résumé

          Introduction

          Le vidéolaryngoscope Glidescope ® semble procurer une meilleure visualisation de la glotte que la laryngoscopie directe. Il n’est toutefois pas certain que cela se traduise par une meilleure réussite des intubations.

          Méthodes

          Nous avons fait une recherche systématique dans les bases de données électroniques, parmi les résumés de congrès et les références d’articles. Nous avons inclus les études chez l’homme comparant le vidéolaryngoscope Glidescope ® à la laryngoscopie directe pour ce qui concerne la visualisation de la glotte, la réussite de l’intubation au premier essai et le délai d’intubation. Nous avons généré un risque relatif global ou des différences moyennes pondérées entre les études. Une métarégression a permis d’explorer l’hétérogénéité en fonction de l’expertise de l’opérateur et de la difficulté d’intubation.

          Résultats

          Nous avons inclus 17 études incluant un total de 1998 patients. Le risque relatif (RR) global d’une laryngoscopie de grade 1 (contre une laryngoscopie de grade ≥ 2) avec le Glidescope ® a été de 2,0 (intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 1,5 à 2,5). L’hétérogénéité significative a été expliquée en partie par la difficulté d’intubation en utilisant l’analyse par métarégression ( P = 0,003). Le RR global pour les intubations non difficiles de grade 1 à la laryngoscopie (contre les grades ≥ 2) a été de 1,5 (IC à 95 % : 1,2 à 1,9) et le RR pour les intubations difficiles a été de 3,5 (IC à 95 % : 2,3 à 5,5). Il n’y a pas eu de différence entre le Glidescope ® et la laryngoscopie directe pour ce qui concerne l’intubation réussie au premier essai ou pour le délai d’intubation, bien qu’une hétérogénéité significative ait été observée pour ces deux critères d’évaluation. Dans les deux études impliquant des non-experts, la première tentative réussie d’intubation (RR: 1,8; IC à 95 % : 1,4 à 2,4) et le délai d’intubation (différence de moyenne pondérée −43 sec; IC à 95 % : −72 à −14 sec) ont été améliorés par l’utilisation du Glidescope ®. Ces avantages n’ont pas été retrouvés chez les experts.

          Conclusion

          Comparée à la laryngoscopie directe, la vidéolaryngoscopie avec le Glidescope ® est associée à une amélioration de la visualisation de la glotte, en particulier chez les patients avec des voies aériennes difficiles potentielles ou simulées.

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          Most cited references31

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          Difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics.

          Difficult intubation has been classified into four grades, according to the view obtainable at laryngoscopy. Frequency analysis suggests that, in obstetrics, the main cause of trouble is grade 3, in which the epiglottis can be seen, but not the cords. This group is fairly rare so that a proportion of anaesthetists will not meet the problem in their first few years and may thus be unprepared for it in obstetrics. However the problem can be simulated in routine anaesthesia, so that a drill for managing it can be practised. Laryngoscopy is carried out as usual, then the blade is lowered so that the epiglottis descends and hides the cords. Intubation has to be done blind, using the Macintosh method. This can be helpful as part of the training before starting in the maternity department, supplementing the Aberdeen drill.
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            Predicting difficult intubation in apparently normal patients: a meta-analysis of bedside screening test performance.

            The objective of this study was to systematically determine the diagnostic accuracy of bedside tests for predicting difficult intubation in patients with no airway pathology. Thirty-five studies (50,760 patients) were selected from electronic databases. The overall incidence of difficult intubation was 5.8% (95% confidence interval, 4.5-7.5%). Screening tests included the Mallampati oropharyngeal classification, thyromental distance, sternomental distance, mouth opening, and Wilson risk score. Each test yielded poor to moderate sensitivity (20-62%) and moderate to fair specificity (82-97%). The most useful bedside test for prediction was found to be a combination of the Mallampati classification and thyromental distance (positive likelihood ratio, 9.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.1-31.9). Currently available screening tests for difficult intubation have only poor to moderate discriminative power when used alone. Combinations of tests add some incremental diagnostic value in comparison to the value of each test alone. The clinical value of bedside screening tests for predicting difficult intubation remains limited.
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              Early clinical experience with a new videolaryngoscope (GlideScope) in 728 patients.

              To evaluate a new videolaryngoscope and assess its ability to provide laryngeal exposure and facilitate intubation. Five centres, involving 133 operators and a total of 728 consecutive patients, participated in the evaluation of a new video-laryngoscope [GlideScope (GS)]. Many operators had limited or no previous GS experience. We collected information about patient demographics and airway characteristics, Cormack-Lehane (C/L) views and the ease of intubation using the GS. Failure was defined as abandonment of the technique. Data from six patients were incomplete and were excluded. Excellent (C/L 1) or good (C/L 2) laryngeal exposure was obtained in 92% and 7% of patients respectively. In all 133 patients in whom both GS and direct laryngoscopy (DL) were performed, GS resulted in a comparable or superior view. Among the 35 patients with C/L grade 3 or 4 views by DL, the view improved to a C/L 1 view in 24 and a C/L 2 view in three patients. Intubation with the GS was successful in 96.3% of patients. The majority of the failures occurred despite a good or excellent glottic view. GS laryngoscopy consistently yielded a comparable or superior glottic view compared with DL despite the limited or lack of prior experience with the device. Successful intubation was generally achieved even when DL was predicted to be moderately or considerably difficult. GS was abandoned in 3.7% of patients. This may reflect the lack of a formal protocol defining failure, limited prior experience or difficulty manipulating the endotracheal tube while viewing a monitor.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +604-875-5949 , +604-875-5957 , donald.griesdale@vch.ca
                Journal
                Can J Anaesth
                Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia
                Springer-Verlag (New York )
                0832-610X
                1496-8975
                1 November 2011
                1 November 2011
                January 2012
                : 59
                : 1
                : 41-52
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
                [2 ]Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
                [3 ]Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC Canada
                [4 ]Program of Critical Care Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Room 2438, Jim Pattison Pavilion, 2nd Floor, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada
                [5 ]Department of Anesthesia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC Canada
                Article
                9620
                10.1007/s12630-011-9620-5
                3246588
                22042705
                749423ca-86a6-490a-b415-dd8270697b00
                © The Author(s) 2011
                History
                : 31 August 2011
                : 19 October 2011
                Categories
                Reports of Original Investigations
                Custom metadata
                © Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2012

                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                Anesthesiology & Pain management

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