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      Effect Of Different Doses Of Noradrenaline Against Ischemia-induced Ventricular Arrhythmias In Rat Heart In Vivo

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          Abstract

          Background

          The present study was designed to evaluate the preconditioning effect of different doses of noradrenaline on ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in open chest anesthetized rats.

          Methods

          The anaesthetized rats were subjected to 25 min of regional ischemia by left descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion. In sham group, surgical procedures were done but ischemia was not applied. In control rats, saline was injected prior to ischemia. In noradrenaline groups, rats pretreated with three different doses of noradrenaline (respectively, 0.5, 1 and 2 μg/kg, IV).

          Results

          In control rats, induction of ischemia shortened the QTc (corrected QT) interval (ms) and led to occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. Administration of low-dose of noradrenaline prevented shortening of the QTc interval during ischemia but could not significantly attenuate severity and incidences of arrhythmias. Injection of mid-dose of noradrenaline stabilized the QTc during ischemia and reduced severity of arrhythmias. Pretreatment with high-dose of noradrenaline significantly prolonged the QTc interval and declined severity and incidence of arrhythmias.

          Conclusions

          Noradrenaline dose-dependently attenuated ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias.

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          Most cited references26

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          The Lambeth Conventions: guidelines for the study of arrhythmias in ischaemia infarction, and reperfusion.

          D Harron, J Harness, Victoria Coker … (1988)
          The Lambeth Conventions are guidelines intended to be of practical value in the investigation of arrhythmias induced by ischaemia, infarction, and reperfusion. They cover the design and execution of experiments and the definition, classification, quantification, and analysis of arrhythmias. Investigators are encouraged to adopt the conventions in the hope that this will improve uniformity and interlaboratory comparisons.
          Article 0 comments Cited 77 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            beta Blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis.

            C Harrison, Maria Mason, P Young … (1999)
            To assess the effectiveness of beta blockers in short term treatment for acute myocardial infarction and in longer term secondary prevention; to examine predictive factors that may influence outcome and therefore choice of drug; and to examine the clinical importance of the results in the light of current treatment. Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Randomised controlled trials. Patients with acute or past myocardial infarction. beta Blockers compared with control. All cause mortality and non-fatal reinfarction. Overall, 5477 of 54 234 patients (10.1%) randomised to beta blockers or control died. We identified a 23% reduction in the odds of death in long term trials (95% confidence interval 15% to 31%), but only a 4% reduction in the odds of death in short term trials (-8% to 15%). Meta regression in long term trials did not identify a significant reduction in effectiveness in drugs with cardioselectivity but did identify a near significant trend towards decreased benefit in drugs with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Most evidence is available for propranolol, timolol, and metoprolol. In long term trials, the number needed to treat for 2 years to avoid a death is 42, which compares favourably with other treatments for patients with acute or past myocardial infarction. beta Blockers are effective in long term secondary prevention after myocardial infarction, but they are underused in such cases and lead to avoidable mortality and morbidity.
            Article 0 comments Cited 72 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Ventricular repolarization components on the electrocardiogram: cellular basis and clinical significance.

              Peter Kowey, S Musco, Megan Burke … (2003)
              Ventricular repolarization components on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) include J (Osborn) waves, ST-segments, and T- and U-waves, which dynamically change in morphology under various pathophysiologic conditions and play an important role in the development of ventricular arrhythmias. Our primary objective in this review is to identify the ionic and cellular basis for ventricular repolarization components on the body surface ECG under normal and pathologic conditions, including a discussion of their clinical significance. A specific attempt to combine typical clinical ECG tracings with transmembrane electrical recordings is made to illustrate their logical linkage. A transmural voltage gradient during initial ventricular repolarization, which results from the presence of a prominent transient outward K(+) current (I(to))-mediated action potential (AP) notch in the epicardium, but not endocardium, manifests as a J-wave on the ECG. The J-wave is associated with the early repolarization syndrome and Brugada syndrome. ST-segment elevation, as seen in Brugada syndrome and acute myocardial ischemia, cannot be fully explained by using the classic concept of an "injury current" that flows from injured to uninjured myocardium. Rather, ST-segment elevation may be largely secondary to a loss of the AP dome in the epicardium, but not endocardium. The T-wave is a symbol of transmural dispersion of repolarization. The R-on-T phenomenon (an extrasystole originating on the T-wave of a preceding ventricular beat) is probably due to transmural propagation of phase 2 re-entry or phase 2 early after depolarization that could potentially initiate polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J
                Title: Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal
                Publisher: Indian Heart Rhythm Society
                ISSN (Electronic): 0972-6292
                Publication date Collection: Jan-Feb 2009
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 January 2009
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 35-44
                Affiliations
                Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Mahdieh Faghihi, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran. E-mail: faghihim@ 123456tums.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: ipej090035-00
                PMC ID: 2615060
                PubMed ID: 19165357
                SO-VID: 74b987bb-2f0b-48a5-a4cc-434affd5a392
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2009 Imani et al.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine
                Keywords: ischemia,noradrenaline,arrhythmias,preconditioning
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine
                Keywords: ischemia, noradrenaline, arrhythmias, preconditioning

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