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      Nanoparticles as potential oral delivery systems of proteins and vaccines: a mechanistic approach.

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          Abstract

          Peptides and proteins remain poorly bioavailable upon oral administration. One of the most promising strategies to improve their oral delivery relies on their association with colloidal carriers, e.g. polymeric nanoparticles, stable in gastrointestinal tract, protective for encapsulated substances and able to modulate physicochemical characteristics, drug release and biological behavior. The mechanisms of transport of these nanoparticles across intestinal mucosa are reviewed. In particular, the influence of size and surface properties on their non-specific uptake or their targeted uptake by enterocytes and/or M cells is discussed. Enhancement of their uptake by appropriate cells, i.e. M cells by (i) modeling surface properties to optimize access to and transport by M cells (ii) identifying surface markers specific to human M cell allowing targeting to M cells and nanoparticles transcytosis is illustrated. Encouraging results upon in vivo testing are reported but low bioavailability and lack of control on absorbed dose slow down products development. Vaccines are certainly the most promising applications for orally delivered nanoparticles.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Control Release
          Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society
          Elsevier BV
          0168-3659
          0168-3659
          Nov 2006
          : 116
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Université Catholique de Louvain, Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Avenue E. Mounier, 73-20, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
          Article
          S0168-3659(06)00402-0
          10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.08.013
          17050027
          74c8dc3f-b2fd-4fec-bc6c-6033ca18b325
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