Although the effects of central corneal thickness and corneal curvature on intraocular pressure measurement are well known, it has only recently become possible to measure the biomechanical properties of the cornea in vivo. This article reviews the structural and material properties of the cornea and considers the effects of corneal parameters, including biomechanics, on IOP measurement. The role of corneal biomechanics as a potential indicator of the structural integrity of the globe will also be discussed. Current evidence suggests that the importance of corneal biomechanics to the glaucoma clinician rests primarily with its effects on IOP measurement. However, the possibility that corneal biomechanics may give an indication of the structural integrity of the optic nerve head cannot be completely excluded. Further population and longitudinal studies are needed to clarify whether current in vivo measures of corneal biomechanical properties, including corneal hysteresis, prove to be independent predictors of glaucoma susceptibility.