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      An overview of the mammals of the Gila region, New Mexico

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          Abstract

          Abstract: A study of the mammals of the Gila region of New Mexico was conducted from 2012 through 2020, with 2,919 voucher specimens collected through fieldwork and collaborations with commercial trappers, in addition to data from camera traps, review of major holdings at 46 museums (n = 12,505 georeferenced specimens), and literature review. Specimens cover a 170-year span, dating back to 1850 and were unevenly distributed spatially and temporally across the Gila region. Most areas were very poorly represented and when summed across all mammal species, ranged from 0.02 to 3.7 specimens per km2. The survey documented 108 species (104 now extant) for the region. High species richness, greater than that reported for 38 states in the United States, is likely due to the juxtaposition of multiple biomes in the Gila, including the Sonoran, Chihuahuan, and Great Basin deserts, the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Madre Occidental, and nearby “sky islands’’ of the Southwest. Two species, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae and Zapus luteus, are documented for the first time from the study area. Expansions of the known range of these species, and Sciurus arizonensis are described from specimen and camera data. Preliminary phylogeographic studies of four species (Notiosorex crawfordi, Neotoma albigula, Perognathus flavus, and Thomomys bottae) using the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene reveal the dynamic biogeographic history of the region and reinforce how landscape complexity and climate change have jointly contributed to diversification and thus high mammalian diversity in the region.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: Se condujo estudio de los mamíferos de la región Gila en Nuevo México desde 2012 hasta 2020, con 2,919 vouchers de especímenes recolectados a través de trabajo de campo y colaboraciones con cazadores comerciales, además de datos de trampas cámara, revisión de las principales colecciones en museos (n = 12,505 especímenes georeferenciadas) y revisión de literatura. Los especímenes cubren un lapso de 170 años, se remontan a 1850 y se distribuyeron de manera desigual en la región de Gila. La mayoría de las áreas estaban muy mal representadas, y sobre todo las especies oscilando entre 0.02 a 3.7 especímenes por km2. En este estudio se documentaron 108 especies (104 existentes ahora) a la región. Alta riqueza de especies, más que la diversidad reportada para 38 estados en los Estados Unidos, se debe probablemente a la yuxtaposición de múltiples biomas en la región Gila, incluido los desiertos de Sonora, Chihuahua, y la Gran Cuenca, las Montañas Rocosas y la Sierra Madre Occidental, y las cercanas islas del cielo (“sky islands”) del suroeste Estados Unidos. Dos especies, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae y Zapus luteus, se documentaron por primera vez en el área de estudio. Las expansiones de área de estas especies y Sciurus arizonensis se describen a partir de especímenes colectados y de cámaras trampa. Los estudios filogeográficos de cuatro especies (Notiosorex crawfordi, Neotoma albigula, Perognathus flavus y Thomomys bottae) utilizando el gen mitocondrial citocromo-b revelan la historia biogeográfica dinámica de la región y refuerzan cómo la complejidad del paisaje y el cambio climático han contribuido a la alta diversidad de mamíferos en la región.

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          Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change

          Ecological changes in the phenology and distribution of plants and animals are occurring in all well-studied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial groups. These observed changes are heavily biased in the directions predicted from global warming and have been linked to local or regional climate change through correlations between climate and biological variation, field and laboratory experiments, and physiological research. Range-restricted species, particularly polar and mountaintop species, show severe range contractions and have been the first groups in which entire species have gone extinct due to recent climate change. Tropical coral reefs and amphibians have been most negatively affected. Predator-prey and plant-insect interactions have been disrupted when interacting species have responded differently to warming. Evolutionary adaptations to warmer conditions have occurred in the interiors of species' ranges, and resource use and dispersal have evolved rapidly at expanding range margins. Observed genetic shifts modulate local effects of climate change, but there is little evidence that they will mitigate negative effects at the species level.
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            2016 Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research and education

            Abstract Guidelines for use of wild mammal species in research are updated from Sikes et al. (2011) . These guidelines cover current professional techniques and regulations involving the use of mammals in research and teaching; they also incorporate new resources, procedural summaries, and reporting requirements. Included are details on capturing, marking, housing, and humanely killing wild mammals. It is recommended that Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs), regulatory agencies, and investigators use these guidelines as a resource for protocols involving wild mammals, whether studied in the field or in captivity. These guidelines were prepared and approved by the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM), in consultation with professional veterinarians experienced in wildlife research and IACUCs, whose collective expertise provides a broad and comprehensive understanding of the biology of nondomesticated mammals. The current version of these guidelines and any subsequent modifications are available online on the Animal Care and Use Committee page of the ASM website ( http://mammalogy.org/uploads/committee_files/CurrentGuidelines.pdf ). Additional resources pertaining to the use of wild animals in research are available at: http://www.mammalsociety.org/committees/animal-care-and-use#tab3 . R esumen Los lineamientos para el uso de especies de mamíferos de vida silvestre en la investigación con base en Sikes et al. (2011) se actualizaron. Dichos lineamientos cubren técnicas y regulaciones profesionales actuales que involucran el uso de mamíferos en la investigación y enseñanza; también incorporan recursos nuevos, resúmenes de procedimientos y requisitos para reportes. Se incluyen detalles acerca de captura, marcaje, manutención en cautiverio y eutanasia de mamíferos de vida silvestre. Se recomienda que los comités institucionales de uso y cuidado animal (cifras en inglés: IACUCs), las agencias reguladoras y los investigadores se adhieran a dichos lineamientos como fuente base de protocolos que involucren mamíferos de vida silvestre, ya sea investigaciones de campo o en cautiverio. Dichos lineamientos fueron preparados y aprobados por la ASM, en consulta con profesionales veterinarios experimentados en investigaciones de vida silvestre y IACUCS, de quienes cuya experiencia colectiva provee un entendimiento amplio y exhaustivo de la biología de mamíferos no-domesticados. La presente versión de los lineamientos y modificaciones posteriores están disponibles en línea en la página web de la ASM, bajo Cuidado Animal y Comité de Uso: ( http://mammalogy.org/uploads/committee_files/CurrentGuidelines.pdf ). Recursos adicionales relacionados con el uso de animales de vida silvestre para la investigación se encuentran disponibles en ( http://www.mammalsociety.org/committees/animal-care-and-use#tab3 ).
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              The Value of Museum Collections for Research and Society

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                therya
                Therya
                Therya
                Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C. (La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico )
                2007-3364
                2021
                : 12
                : 2
                : 213-236
                Affiliations
                [2] Albuquerque New Mexico orgnameSandia National Laboratories USA
                [3] Greenville South Carolina orgnameFurman University orgdiv1Department of Biology United States travis.perry@ 123456furman.edu
                [1] Albuquerque New Mexico orgnameUniversity of New Mexico orgdiv1Museum of Southwestern Biology and Biology Department United States akjone@ 123456sandia.gov
                [4] Albuquerque New Mexico orgnameNew Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science USA jason.malaney@ 123456state.nm.us
                Article
                S2007-33642021000200213 S2007-3364(21)01200200213
                10.12933/therya-21-1123
                74d45817-bacd-422a-ab53-576992b27f92

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 April 2021
                : 06 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 144, Pages: 24
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

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                Special contributions

                taxonomy,Southwest,Mammalia,distribution,conservation,Biodiversity

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