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      Threatened and extinct island endemic birds of the world: Distribution, threats and functional diversity

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          Defaunation in the Anthropocene.

          We live amid a global wave of anthropogenically driven biodiversity loss: species and population extirpations and, critically, declines in local species abundance. Particularly, human impacts on animal biodiversity are an under-recognized form of global environmental change. Among terrestrial vertebrates, 322 species have become extinct since 1500, and populations of the remaining species show 25% average decline in abundance. Invertebrate patterns are equally dire: 67% of monitored populations show 45% mean abundance decline. Such animal declines will cascade onto ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Much remains unknown about this "Anthropocene defaunation"; these knowledge gaps hinder our capacity to predict and limit defaunation impacts. Clearly, however, defaunation is both a pervasive component of the planet's sixth mass extinction and also a major driver of global ecological change. Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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            Is Open Access

            Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems

            Urgent need for conservation and restoration measures to improve landscape connectivity.
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              Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species.

              Many large animal species have a high risk of extinction. This is usually thought to result simply from the way that species traits associated with vulnerability, such as low reproductive rates, scale with body size. In a broad-scale analysis of extinction risk in mammals, we find two additional patterns in the size selectivity of extinction risk. First, impacts of both intrinsic and environmental factors increase sharply above a threshold body mass around 3 kilograms. Second, whereas extinction risk in smaller species is driven by environmental factors, in larger species it is driven by a combination of environmental factors and intrinsic traits. Thus, the disadvantages of large size are greater than generally recognized, and future loss of large mammal biodiversity could be far more rapid than expected.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                Journal of Biogeography
                Journal of Biogeography
                Wiley
                0305-0270
                1365-2699
                November 2022
                September 19 2022
                November 2022
                : 49
                : 11
                : 1920-1940
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GEES (School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences) and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
                [2 ]CE3C—Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group / CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute and Universidade dos Açores – Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal
                [3 ]Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
                [4 ]CREAF, Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
                [5 ]Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London London UK
                [6 ]Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum Tring UK
                [7 ]Department of Ecology and Biogeography Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
                [8 ]Department of Life Sciences Imperial College, London Ascot UK
                [9 ]Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
                [10 ]Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174) CNRS‐IRD‐Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse 3) Toulouse France
                [11 ]Operation Wallacea Spilsby UK
                [12 ]Wild Planet Trust Paignton UK
                [13 ]Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
                Article
                10.1111/jbi.14474
                74d7e0b9-2b9e-411c-af90-93cc4c086937
                © 2022

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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