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      Estado nutricional y condiciones sanitarias asociados a parasitosis intestinal en infantes de una fundación de Cartagena de Indias Translated title: Nutritional Status and Sanitary Conditions Associated with Intestinal Parasitosis in Infants from a Cartagena de Indias Foundation

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: Medir la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal y establecer posibles asociaciones con el estado nutricional y condiciones sanitarias de los infantes de la fundación Remanso de Amor. Materiales y métodos: A 34 infantes de 2 a 6 años de edad, se les realizó examen coprológico por concentración y técnica de Ziehl- Neelsen modificada. Se determinó el estado nutricional a partir de indicadores de dimensión corporal: Peso/Edad, Peso/Talla, Talla/Edad. Los grupos se compararon usando la prueba de hipótesis de independencia ji al cuadrado y el Odds ratio (OR) con intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Resultados: La prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal fue de 38,2 % (IC95 % = 21,0 - 55,4), siendo Giardia lamblia el parasito más prevalente. El estado nutricional y las condiciones de la vivienda no se asociaron con la parasitosis (p > 0,05). Que el cuidador no se lave las manos antes de cocinar (OR = 1,650) o después de ir al baño (OR = 2,750), que el infante no se lave las manos después de defecar (OR = 2,750) o antes de consumir cualquier alimento (OR = 1,650), el consumo por parte del infante de carne cruda o a medio cocinar (OR = 3,333) y jugar en el suelo o tierra (OR = 1,764), resultaron ser factores de riesgo significativos para la parasitosis. Conclusiones: El estado nutricional y las condiciones de la vivienda no se asociaron a la parasitosis, aunque algunas prácticas cotidianas del cuidador y el infante mostraron ser un factor de riesgo significativo para la parasitosis.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the prevalence of intestinal parasites, and to establish possible associations with the nutritional status and sanitary conditions of the infants of the Remanso de Amor foundation. Materials and methods: 34 infants, 2 to 6 years of age, underwent stool examination by concentration and modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Nutritional status was determined from indicators of body dimension: Weight / Age, Weight / Height, Height / Age. The groups were compared using the chi-square test of hypothesis of independence, and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 38,2% (95% CI = 21,0 - 55,4), with Giardia lamblia being the most prevalent parasite. The nutritional status and housing conditions were not associated with parasitosis (p > 0,05). That the caregiver does not wash their hands before cooking (OR = 1,650) or after going to the bathroom (OR = 2,750), that the infant does not wash their hands after defecating (OR = 2,750) or before consuming any food (OR = 1,650), the infant's consumption of raw or half-cooked meat (OR = 3,333) and playing on the ground (OR = 1,764), were found to be significant risk factors for parasitosis. Conclusions: Nutritional status and housing conditions were not associated with parasitosis, although some daily practices of the caregiver and infant were shown to be a significant risk factor for parasitosis.

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          Most cited references39

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          Role of the employment status and education of mothers in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Mexican rural schoolchildren

          Background Intestinal parasitic infections are a public health problem in developing countries such as Mexico. As a result, two governmental programmes have been implemented: a) "National Deworming Campaign" and b) "Opportunities" aimed at maternal care. However, both programmes are developed separately and their impact is still unknown. We independently investigated whether a variety of socio-economic factors, including maternal education and employment levels, were associated with intestinal parasite infection in rural school children. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 rural communities in two Mexican states. The study sites and populations were selected on the basis of the following traits: a) presence of activities by the national administration of albendazole, b) high rates of intestinal parasitism, c) little access to medical examination, and d) a population having less than 2,500 inhabitants. A total of 507 schoolchildren (mean age 8.2 years) were recruited and 1,521 stool samples collected (3 per child). Socio-economic information was obtained by an oral questionnaire. Regression modelling was used to determine the association of socio-economic indicators and intestinal parasitism. Results More than half of the schoolchildren showed poliparasitism (52%) and protozoan infections (65%). The prevalence of helminth infections was higher in children from Oaxaca (53%) than in those from Sinaloa (33%) (p < 0.0001). Giardia duodenalis and Hymenolepis nana showed a high prevalence in both states. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar showed low prevalence. Children from lower-income families and with unemployed and less educated mothers showed higher risk of intestinal parasitism (odds ratio (OR) 6.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–22.6; OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.5–8.2; OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5–7.4 respectively). Defecation in open areas was also a high risk factor for infection (OR 2.4, 95% CI 2.0–3.0). Conclusion Intestinal parasitism remains an important public health problem in Sinaloa (north-western Mexico) and Oaxaca (south-eastern Mexico). Lower income, defecation in open areas, employment status and a lower education level of mothers were the significant factors related to these infections. We conclude that mothers should be involved in health initiatives to control intestinal parasitism in Mexico.
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            Influencia de las parasitosis intestinales y otros antecedentes infecciosos sobre el estado nutricional antropométrico de niños en situación de pobreza

            Las parasitosis afectan principalmente a la población infantil de bajos recursos económicos. A fin de establecer estas asociaciones se evaluaron los antecedentes patológicos previos al estudio (diarrea, infección respiratoria superior e inferior y sarampión) en 257 niños y niñas aparentemente sanos entre 2-18 años de edad, del Sur de Valencia, Edo. Carabobo. 250 muestras de heces fueron sometidas a examen al fresco y Kato. Se determinó el estado nutricional antropométrico utilizando combinación de indicadores (dimensión corporal, composición corporal) e indicadores mixtos y por el método de Graffar-Méndez Castellano se identificó la condición socioeconómica. El análisis estadístico comprendió distribución de frecuencias y Chi2 como medida de asociación; nivel de significancia de p < 0,05. Se encontró 49,6% de niños parasitados, predominio de estratos socioeconómicos IV y V y de monoparasitismo por protozoarios. El antecedente patológico más prevalente fue infección respiratoria superior. Existió una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre antecedente de diarrea y presencia de parásitos, más específicamente entre antecedente de diarrea aguda e infestación por Giardia lamblia y Trichuris trichiura. La asociación significativa encontrada entre desnutrición, parasitosis y antecedentes de diarrea, no pudo ser demostrada cuando se discriminó por tipo de parásito y grado de desnutrición. Se evidenció un efecto deletéreo de las parasitosis sobre el estado nutricional. Los antecedentes de diarrea pueden orientar hacia el diagnóstico de parasitosis, causa importante de morbilidad infantil en comunidades en situación de pobreza.
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              Prevalence and risk factors for protozoan and nematode infections among children in an Ecuadorian highland community.

              In order to create a parasite prevention program for Santa Ana, Ecuador, we worked with local physicians to identify the prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasitic infection among children. Two hundred households were randomly selected and asked to submit three stool samples from a selected child. Information from direct observation and questionnaires was used to determine environmental and behavioral risk factors for parasitic infection. Prevalence of any parasitic infection was 65.6% of the 189 children who submitted fecal samples. Parasitic infections included Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (46.6%), Giardia lamblia (18.5%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (20.1%). In a multivariate logistic model, risk factors (P 1 month since antiparasitic treatment, not adding chlorine to drinking water, children not washing their hands before eating, and having a fewer number of electrical appliances in the home. The risk factor identified for G. lamblia was children not washing their hands before eating. Risk factors for A. lumbricoides included >6 months since antiparasitic treatment and having a fewer number of electrical appliances in the home. This study may have implications for other communities throughout the developing world.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                sun
                Revista Salud Uninorte
                Salud, Barranquilla
                Fundación Universidad del Norte, División de Ciencias de la (Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia )
                0120-5552
                2011-7531
                August 2021
                : 37
                : 2
                : 375-389
                Affiliations
                [2] Bolívar orgnameCorporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez Colombia
                [5] Bolívar orgnameCorporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez Colombia
                [1] Bolívar orgnameCorporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez Colombia
                [3] Bolívar orgnameCorporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez Colombia
                [4] Bolívar orgnameCorporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez Colombia
                Article
                S0120-55522021000200375 S0120-5552(21)03700200375
                10.14482/sun.37.2.618.92
                74e01e11-c4a6-4ca0-9d30-7d814861a6be

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 June 2021
                : 07 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 15
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                SciELO Colombia

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                Artículos originales

                nutritional status,children,sanitary profiles,parasites,infantes,condiciones sanitarias,estado nutricional,parásitos

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