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      Composición de la dieta de Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Translated title: Trophic spectrum of Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in the southeaster Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

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          Abstract

          Resumen Tadarida brasiliensis es uno de los murciélagos artropodófagos más importantes en el control de plagas agrícolas. Sin embargo, sus hábitos tróficos se encuentran escasamente documentados en Argentina. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la dieta de T. brasiliensis en un agroecosistema del sudeste bonaerense (Partido de General Pueyrredón) durante el período no reproductivo, considerando el sexo de los individuos es tudiados. Se analizó el tracto digestivo de 22 individuos capturados a la salida de un refugio artificial. Se estimó la frecuencia de ocurrencia y la frecuencia relativa de cada ítem alimenticio. De manera adicional, se realizó un registro de las presas disponibles en el ambiente utilizando trampas de luz. El análisis dietario reveló la presen cia de siete órdenes de insectos, donde Diptera y Lepidoptera presentaron la mayor frecuencia de ocurrencia (95% y 91%, respectivamente), seguido por Hemiptera (45%), Coleoptera (36%), Neuroptera (18%) y, en menor medida, Trichoptera (9%) e Hymenoptera (4,5%). En términos de frecuencia relativa, el 60% de la dieta estuvo representado por Diptera y Lepidoptera, y al adicionar los órdenes de Hemiptera y Coleoptera, se obtiene un 90% de la composición dietaria. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en la composición de la dieta entre sexos. En el ambiente se registraron todos los órdenes de insectos hallados en la dieta de T. brasiliensis y se identificaron especies de lepidópteros y hemípteros perjudiciales para los cultivos. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, se evidencia el potencial uso de estos mamíferos como controladores biológicos de plagas agrícolas en la región.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Tadarida brasiliensis is one of the most important arthropodophagous bats in the control of agricultural pests. However, its food habits are poorly studied in Argentina. The aim of this work was to analyze the diet composition of T. brasiliensis in an agroecosystem in the southeast of Buenos Aires Province (General Pueyrredon District) during the non-breeding period, controlling the sex of the indi viduals studied. The digestive tract of 22 individuals captured outside their roost was analyzed. Frequency of occurrence and relative frequency were estimated for each food item. In addition, the availability of preys in the environment was estimated by using light traps. Diet composition analysis revealed the presence of seven orders of insects: Diptera and Lepidoptera presented the highest frequency of occurrence (95% and 91%, respectively), followed by Hemiptera (45%), Coleoptera (36%), Neuroptera (18%), and to a lesser extent, Trichoptera (9%), and Hymenoptera (4.5%). Regarding relative frequency, 60% of the diet composition of T. brasiliensis was represented by Diptera and Lepidoptera, and when the Hemiptera and Coleoptera orders were added, it escalated up to 90%. No significant differences were found in the diet composition between males and females. All orders of insects found in the diet of T. brasiliensis were recorded in the environment, including lepidopteran and hemipteran species that are considered harmful to crops. Given that these orders are part of the diet composition of T. brasil iensis, the potential of these mammals as biological controls of crop pests becomes evident.

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              Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes - eight hypotheses.

              Understanding how landscape characteristics affect biodiversity patterns and ecological processes at local and landscape scales is critical for mitigating effects of global environmental change. In this review, we use knowledge gained from human-modified landscapes to suggest eight hypotheses, which we hope will encourage more systematic research on the role of landscape composition and configuration in determining the structure of ecological communities, ecosystem functioning and services. We organize the eight hypotheses under four overarching themes. Section A: 'landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns' includes (1) the landscape species pool hypothesis-the size of the landscape-wide species pool moderates local (alpha) biodiversity, and (2) the dominance of beta diversity hypothesis-landscape-moderated dissimilarity of local communities determines landscape-wide biodiversity and overrides negative local effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Section B: 'landscape moderation of population dynamics' includes (3) the cross-habitat spillover hypothesis-landscape-moderated spillover of energy, resources and organisms across habitats, including between managed and natural ecosystems, influences landscape-wide community structure and associated processes and (4) the landscape-moderated concentration and dilution hypothesis-spatial and temporal changes in landscape composition can cause transient concentration or dilution of populations with functional consequences. Section C: 'landscape moderation of functional trait selection' includes (5) the landscape-moderated functional trait selection hypothesis-landscape moderation of species trait selection shapes the functional role and trajectory of community assembly, and (6) the landscape-moderated insurance hypothesis-landscape complexity provides spatial and temporal insurance, i.e. high resilience and stability of ecological processes in changing environments. Section D: 'landscape constraints on conservation management' includes (7) the intermediate landscape-complexity hypothesis-landscape-moderated effectiveness of local conservation management is highest in structurally simple, rather than in cleared (i.e. extremely simplified) or in complex landscapes, and (8) the landscape-moderated biodiversity versus ecosystem service management hypothesis-landscape-moderated biodiversity conservation to optimize functional diversity and related ecosystem services will not protect endangered species. Shifting our research focus from local to landscape-moderated effects on biodiversity will be critical to developing solutions for future biodiversity and ecosystem service management. © 2012 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2012 Cambridge Philosophical Society.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmacn
                Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales
                Rev. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat.
                Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia e Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                1853-0400
                June 2021
                : 23
                : 1
                : 1-13
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameMuseo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales “Lorenzo Scaglia” Argentina
                [1] Buenos Aires orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras orgdiv2Grupo Vertebrados Argentina
                Article
                S1853-04002021000100001 S1853-0400(21)02300100001
                10.22179/revmacn.23.715
                74e32730-0431-4d55-9b93-bef169fa764f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 June 2021
                : 05 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 74, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Zoología

                Pest control,Agroecosystems,Murciélagos insectívoros,Ecología trófica,Control de plagas,Agroecosistemas,Insectivorous bats,Trophic ecology

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