23
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions

      review-article
      a , * , b
      Phytomedicine Plus
      The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
      COVID-19, Glycyrrhizin and licorice extract;Antiviral and antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant , Immunododulator,, Acute lung injury protector, : ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ALI, acute lung injury, ARDS, acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, DCs, dendritic cells, COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2, 18β-GA, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, Gl, glycyrrhizin, HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen, HCV, hepatitis C virus, HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1, h, hour, IL, interleukin, iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase, licorice extract, LE, MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases, MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome, MR, mineralocorticoid receptor, MRSA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, NO, nitric oxide, RBD, receptor-binding domain, ROS, reactive oxygen species, S, Spike, SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome, TCM, traditional Chinese medicine, TLR, toll-like receptor, TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha, TMPRSS2, type 2 transmembrane serine protease

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Several recent studies have stated that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract are present in most traditional Chinese medicine formulas used against SARS-CoV-2 in China. Significant data are showing that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract have multiple beneficial activities in combating most features of SARS-CoV-2

          Purpose

          The aim of current review was to highlight recent progresses in research that showed the evidence of the potential use of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract against COVID-19.

          Methodology

          We have reviewed the information published from 1979 to October 2020. These studies demonstrated the effects , use and safety of glycyrrhizin and icorice extract against viral infections,bacterial infections, inflammatory disorders of lung ( in vitro and in vivo). These studies were collated through online electronic databases research (Academic libraries as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Egyptian Knowledge Bank).

          Results

          Pooled effect size of articles provides information about the rationale for using glycyrrhizin and licorice extract to treat COVID-19. Fifty studies demonstrate antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract. The most frequent mechanism of the antiviral activity is due to disrupting viral uptake into the host cells and disrupting the interaction between receptor- binding domain (RBD) of SARS-COV2 and ACE2 in recent articles. Fifty studies indicate that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract have significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Twenty five studies provide evidence for the protective effect of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract against inflammation-induced acute lung injury and cardiovascular disorders.

          Conclusion

          The current study showed several evidence regarding the beneficial effects of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19. More randomized clinical trials are needed to obtain a precise conclusion.

          Graphical Abstract

          Related collections

          Most cited references166

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

          Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

            Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18 years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats 1–4 . Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans 5–7 . Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory-confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak. The sequences are almost identical and share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV. In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor—angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)—as SARS-CoV.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial

              Background Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been found to be efficient on SARS-CoV-2, and reported to be efficient in Chinese COV-19 patients. We evaluate the role of hydroxychloroquine on respiratory viral loads. Patients and methods French Confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in a single arm protocol from early March to March 16th, to receive 600mg of hydroxychloroquine daily and their viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs was tested daily in a hospital setting. Depending on their clinical presentation, azithromycin was added to the treatment. Untreated patients from another center and cases refusing the protocol were included as negative controls. Presence and absence of virus at Day6-post inclusion was considered the end point. Results Six patients were asymptomatic, 22 had upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and eight had lower respiratory tract infection symptoms. Twenty cases were treated in this study and showed a significant reduction of the viral carriage at D6-post inclusion compared to controls, and much lower average carrying duration than reported of untreated patients in the literature. Azithromycin added to hydroxychloroquine was significantly more efficient for virus elimination. Conclusion Despite its small sample size our survey shows that hydroxychloroquine treatment is significantly associated with viral load reduction/disappearance in COVID-19 patients and its effect is reinforced by azithromycin.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Phytomedicine Plus
                The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
                2667-0313
                2667-0313
                17 February 2021
                17 February 2021
                : 100043
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut Universitya, Beni-Suif, Egypt
                [b ]Assiut, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suif University, Beni-Suif, Egypt
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: Adel A. Gomaa, Department of medical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, Fax: 002088-2332278, Mob: 00201009534841
                Article
                S2667-0313(21)00025-7 100043
                10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100043
                7886629
                35399823
                74f87838-fc65-4c59-b509-09bc93ba302c
                © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Categories
                Article

                covid-19,glycyrrhizin and licorice extract;antiviral and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant,immunododulator,,acute lung injury protector,: ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,ali, acute lung injury,ards, acute respiratory distress syndrome,dcs, dendritic cells,covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019,cox-2, cyclooxygenase-2,18β-ga, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid,gl, glycyrrhizin,hbsag, hepatitis b surface antigen,hcv, hepatitis c virus,hmgb1, high-mobility group box 1,h, hour,il, interleukin,inos, inducible nitric oxide synthase,licorice extract, le,mapks, mitogen-activated protein kinases,mers, middle east respiratory syndrome,mr, mineralocorticoid receptor,mrsa, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,no, nitric oxide,rbd, receptor-binding domain,ros, reactive oxygen species,s, spike,sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome,tcm, traditional chinese medicine,tlr, toll-like receptor,tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha,tmprss2, type 2 transmembrane serine protease

                Comments

                Comment on this article