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      Brazilian Flora 2020: Innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC)

      research-article
      Rodriguésia
      Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro
      database, diversity, hotspots, taxonomy, banco de dados, diversidade, hotspots, taxonomia

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          Abstract

          Abstract The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) was established by the Conference of Parties in 2002 to decrease the loss of plant diversity, reduce poverty and contribute to sustainable development. To achieve this overarching goal, the GSPC has established a series of targets, one of which is to ensure that plant diversity is well understood, so that it can be effectively conserved and used in a sustainable manner. Brazil hosts more than 46,000 species of plants, algae and fungi, representing one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth, and playing a key role in the GSPC. To meet the GSPC goals of Target 1 and facilitate access to plant diversity, Brazil committed to preparing the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2008-2015) and the Brazilian Flora 2020 (2016-present). Managing all the information associated with such great biodiversity has proven to be an extremely challenging task. Here, we synthesize the history of these projects, focusing on the multidisciplinary and collaborative approach adopted to develop and manage the inclusion of all the knowledge generated though digital information systems. We further describe the methods used, challenges faced, and strategies adopted, as well as summarize advances to date and prospects for completing the Brazilian flora in 2020.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo A Estratégia Global para a Conservação das Plantas (GSPC) foi estabelecida pela Conferência das Partes em 2002 para diminuir a perda da diversidade vegetal, reduzir a pobreza e contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Para atingir um objetivo tão abrangente, a GSPC estabeleceu uma série de tarefas, uma das quais é assegurar um bom conhecimento da diversidade vegetal para que a mesma possa ser conservada de forma efetiva e utilizada de maneira sustentável. O Brasil possui mais de 46 mil espécies de plantas, algas e fungos, representando um dos países com maior biodiversidade no planeta, sendo um participante chave na GSPC. Para atingir os objetivos da GSPC e possibilitar o acesso à diversidade de plantas, o Brasil se comprometeu em preparar a Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil (2008-2015) e a Flora do Brasil 2020 (2016 até o presente). Gerenciar todas as informações relacionadas a esta enorme biodiversidade provou ser uma tarefa extremamente desafiadora. Neste artigo, sintetizamos a história destes projetos e a abordagem multidisciplinar e colaborativa adotada para desenvolver e gerenciar a inclusão de todo o conhecimento gerado em sistemas de informação digitais. Apresentamos ainda os métodos utilizados, desafios enfrentados, e estratégias adotadas, bem como sintetizamos os avanços até o momento e perspectivas para completar a flora do Brasil em 2020.

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          Most cited references17

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          An integrated assessment of the vascular plant species of the Americas

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            Amazon plant diversity revealed by a taxonomically verified species list

            Large floristic datasets that purportedly represent the diversity and composition of the Amazon tree flora are being widely used to draw conclusions about the patterns and evolution of Amazon plant diversity, but these datasets are fundamentally flawed in both their methodology and the resulting content. We have assembled a comprehensive dataset of Amazonian seed plant species from published sources that includes falsifiable data based on voucher specimens identified by taxonomic specialists. This growing list should serve as a basis for addressing the long-standing debate on the number of plant species in the Amazon, as well as for downstream ecological and evolutionary analyses aimed at understanding the origin and function of the exceptional biodiversity of the vast Amazonian forests. Recent debates on the number of plant species in the vast lowland rain forests of the Amazon have been based largely on model estimates, neglecting published checklists based on verified voucher data. Here we collate taxonomically verified checklists to present a list of seed plant species from lowland Amazon rain forests. Our list comprises 14,003 species, of which 6,727 are trees. These figures are similar to estimates derived from nonparametric ecological models, but they contrast strongly with predictions of much higher tree diversity derived from parametric models. Based on the known proportion of tree species in neotropical lowland rain forest communities as measured in complete plot censuses, and on overall estimates of seed plant diversity in Brazil and in the neotropics in general, it is more likely that tree diversity in the Amazon is closer to the lower estimates derived from nonparametric models. Much remains unknown about Amazonian plant diversity, but this taxonomically verified dataset provides a valid starting point for macroecological and evolutionary studies aimed at understanding the origin, evolution, and ecology of the exceptional biodiversity of Amazonian forests.
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              New Brazilian Floristic List Highlights Conservation Challenges

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rod
                Rodriguésia
                Rodriguésia
                Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0370-6583
                2175-7860
                December 2018
                : 69
                : 4
                : 1513-1527
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameThe Brazil Flora Group Brazil
                Article
                S2175-78602018000401513
                10.1590/2175-7860201869402
                74fc6681-d572-4d66-aa5a-dbc3026a8558

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 March 2018
                : 29 June 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                GSPC - Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

                database,diversity,hotspots,taxonomy,banco de dados,diversidade,taxonomia

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