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      Trabajadores especialmente sensibles al riesgo cardiovascular Translated title: Workers especially sensitive to cardiovascular risk

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: De los 607 accidentes de trabajo mortales producidos en España en 2016, el 37,9% fueron por cardiopatía isquémica e ictus. Condiciones de trabajo como el trabajo nocturno, el ruido o los contaminantes respiratorios se asociaron a una mayor incidencia cardiovascular. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue valorar si la vigilancia de la salud en los trabajadores expuestos a esas condiciones debía incluir la valoración del riesgo cardiovascular. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 680 trabajadores de una administración pública. La calificación de las condiciones de trabajo se obtuvo de la evaluación de riesgos empresarial y de los datos personales, antropométricos y analíticos, los cuales permitieron la valoración del riesgo cardiovascular en el reconocimiento médico realizado en 2015. Para el contraste estadístico, se aplicó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para la compararación de prevalencias, y la prueba de T de Student o U de Mann-Whitney para la comparación de medias. Resultados: Estuvieron expuestos a esas condiciones de trabajo el 30,1% de la muestra, observándose diferencias significativas por sexo (37% en los hombres, 11,9% en las mujeres, p<0,05). Según REGICOR, se calificó como especialmente sensibles a riesgo cardiovascular al 13,2% de los expuestos. Conclusiones: Un amplio porcentaje de trabajadores está expuesto a CT relacionadas con mayor prevalencia de patología cardiovascular. El porcentaje de trabajadores calificados como especialmente sensibles al riesgo cardiovascular entre los expuestos aconseja que éste deba ser valorado en la vigilancia de la salud en el trabajo cuando existan condiciones de trabajo relacionadas con patología cardiovascular.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: Of the 607 fatal work accidents produced in Spain in 2016, 37.9% were due to ischemic heart disease and cerebral stroke. Working conditions such as night work, noise or respiratory pollutants are associated with higher cardiovascular incidence. The objective of the present study was to assess whether health surveillance in workers exposed to these conditions should include the assessment of cardiovascular risk. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 680 workers in a public administration. The working conditions were obtained from the business risk assessment and the personal data that allowed the cardiovascular risk assessment, from the medical examination carried out in 2015. For the statistical analysis, Chi-square test (prevalence comparison) and Student’s T test or Mann Whitney U test (means comparison), were applied. Results: Exposed was 30.1%, showing significant differences by sex (37% men, 11.9% women, p<0.05). According to REGICOR, 13.2% of those exposed were particularly susceptible to cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: A large percentage of workers were exposed to CT related to a higher prevalence of cardiovascular pathology. The percentage of workers qualified as especially sensitive to cardiovascular risk among those exposed suggests that it should be assessed in the monitoring of occupational health when there are working conditions related to cardiovascular pathology.

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          Environmental toxic metal contaminants and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

          ABSTRACT Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the association of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and copper with cardiovascular disease. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science searched up to December 2017. Review methods Studies reporting risk estimates for total cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke for levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, or copper were included. Two investigators independently extracted information on study characteristics and outcomes in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Relative risks were standardised to a common scale and pooled across studies for each marker using random effects meta-analyses. Results The review identified 37 unique studies comprising 348 259 non-overlapping participants, with 13 033 coronary heart disease, 4205 stroke, and 15 274 cardiovascular disease outcomes in aggregate. Comparing top versus bottom thirds of baseline levels, pooled relative risks for arsenic and lead were 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.63) and 1.43 (1.16 to 1.76) for cardiovascular disease, 1.23 (1.04 to 1.45) and 1.85 (1.27 to 2.69) for coronary heart disease, and 1.15 (0.92 to 1.43) and 1.63 (1.14 to 2.34) for stroke. Relative risks for cadmium and copper were 1.33 (1.09 to 1.64) and 1.81 (1.05 to 3.11) for cardiovascular disease, 1.29 (0.98 to 1.71) and 2.22 (1.31 to 3.74) for coronary heart disease, and 1.72 (1.29 to 2.28) and 1.29 (0.77 to 2.17) for stroke. Mercury had no distinctive association with cardiovascular outcomes. There was a linear dose-response relation for arsenic, lead, and cadmium with cardiovascular disease outcomes. Conclusion Exposure to arsenic, lead, cadmium, and copper is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. Mercury is not associated with cardiovascular risk. These findings reinforce the importance of environmental toxic metals in cardiovascular risk, beyond the roles of conventional behavioural risk factors.
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            Shift work and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

            Observational studies suggest that shift work may be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the results are inconsistent. No systematic reviews have applied quantitative techniques to compute summary risk estimates.
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              Validation of the Spanish version of the physical activity questionnaire used in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study.

              The objective of this analysis was to test the validity of the estimates of energy expenditure and sedentary lifestyle obtained through a self-administered questionnaire of physical activity for Spanish-speaking people adapted from US questionnaires (Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals' Follow-up Study) using a triaxial accelerometer (RT3 Triaxial Research Tracker) as the reference. Validation study, calculating the non-parametric correlation coefficients between the level of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle collected by the self-administered questionnaire and the triaxial accelerometer measurements. Percentage of misclassification and kappa coefficients were also calculated. The study population consisted of a sample of 40 obese women who were participants of the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project (a prospective cohort study among Spanish university alumni). They were selected because of their peculiar metabolic characteristics, in the search for a sub-optimal scenario for validity. Physical activity during leisure time (estimated as MET-h week(-1)) derived from the self-administered questionnaire moderately correlated with kcal day(-1) assessed through the accelerometer (Spearman's rho = 0.507, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.232, 0.707). The Spearman correlation between the ratio of sedentary lifestyle to physical activity obtained through the questionnaire and the direct estimation (RT3) was -0.578 (95% CI -0.754, -0.325). The kappa index was 0.25 (P = 0.002) when assessing the cross-classification into quintiles and 0.41 for the dichotomous estimation of a sedentary lifestyle. Only 2.5% of participants were misclassified by the questionnaire more than two quintiles apart from the estimates of the RT3. The moderate values obtained for correlation in a sub-optimal scenario for validity and the low percentage of extreme misclassification suggest the validity of the questionnaire to assess physical activity in Spanish-speaking women aged 20-50 years.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2019
                : 93
                : e201909083
                Affiliations
                [3] Córdoba orgnameServicio Andaluz de Salud orgdiv1Distrito Sanitario Guadalquivir de Córdoba España
                [1] Córdoba orgnameAyuntamiento de Córdoba orgdiv1Departamento de Seguridad y Salud Laboral España
                [2] Córdoba Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba orgdiv1Dirección General de Prevención y Protección Ambiental Spain
                Article
                S1135-57272019000100215 S1135-5727(19)09300000215
                750e12d6-c9d5-4e65-bfcf-cac97091295d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 March 2018
                : 07 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 57, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

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                Originales Breves

                Work accident,Vigilance health,Accidente de trabajo,Myocardial ischemia,Risk cardiovascular function,Vulnerability selective,Cardiopatía isquémica,Función de riesgo cardiovascular,Vigilancia de la salud,Especial sensibilidad

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