There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.
Abstract
<p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="first" id="d8612367e61">Non-metal
ammonium ( N H 4 + ) ions have recently been explored as effective charge
carriers in battery systems due to their abundancy, light weight, small hydration
shells in water. The research concerning the use of N H 4 + redox chemistry in batteries,
particularly in flexible batteries, is still in its infancy. For the first time, we
report a flexible full N H 4 + ion battery (AIB) composed of a concentrated hydrogel
electrolyte sandwiched between NH4 V3 O8 ⋅ 2.9H2 O nanobelts cathode and polyaniline
(PANI) anode, for enhanced performance. The hydrogel electrolyte is simply synthesized
by using ammonium sulfate, xanthan gum and water. As a reference, the AIB based on
the liquid aqueous electrolyte is prepared first, which exhibits a capacity of 121 mAh
g-1 and a capacity retention of 95 % after 400 cycles at a specific current of 0.1 A g-1
. On the other hand, the simple synthesis of the hydrogel electrolyte allows us to
facilely tune and optimize the salt contents in the electrolyte, to maximize the ionic
conductivity, transport kinetics, mechanical characteristics, and consequently the
battery performance. It is found that the flexible battery based on the hydrogel electrolyte
prepared from 3 M ammonium sulfate solution shows the best electrochemical performance,
i. e., a capacity of 60 mAh g-1 while maintaining a capacity retention of 88 % after
250 cycles at a specific current of 0.1 A g-1 . Moreover, the flexible AIB retains
excellent electrochemical performance when bent at different angles, demonstrating
remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility. Therefore, this study sheds new light
on the utilization of concentrated hydrogel electrolyte in the AIB chemistry, for
developments of novel electrochemical energy storage technology with high safety and
low cost.
</p>