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      Estudio multicéntrico nacional sobre la organización de las consultas de Pediatría de Atención Primaria en España durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19 Translated title: Nationwide multicentre study on the organization of primary care paediatrics services in the first wave of the COVID-19

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción La pandemia de COVID-19 ha originado cambios organizativos en los centros de Atención Primaria (AP). El objetivo de este estudio es conocer los cambios producidos en las consultas de Pediatría de AP durante la primera ola de la pandemia por COVID-19. Material y métodos Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, multicéntrico y de ámbito nacional, a través de una encuesta dirigida a los pediatras de Atención Primaria (PAP) distribuida en junio de 2020. Se recogieron datos desde el 16 de marzo al 10 de mayo de 2020, dividido en cuatro periodos de dos semanas cada uno. Se preguntó sobre la forma de trabajar en los centros durante ese periodo: existencia de sistema de triaje, modalidad de atención, presencial o telefónica, y volumen de consultas atendidas. Resultados Se consideraron válidas 105 encuestas de las 110 contestadas por PAP. Participaron pediatras de 17 comunidades autónomas (el 72,4% de medio urbano). Cubrían una población de 107 715 pacientes. Realizaron consulta telemática el 90,5% (38,1% antes de la pandemia). En todos los centros se realizó triaje. La media de pacientes atendidos por profesional en cada uno de los periodos considerados fue de 144, 114, 123, 136 (277, 214, 207 y 233 en los mismos periodos del año 2019). En el 88,6% de cupos se realizaron visitas presenciales del programa de salud infantil (PSI). De toda la población atendida, los PAP notificaron ingresos por cualquier motivo de 79 pacientes y en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) de siete. No se les notificó ningún fallecimiento. Conclusiones Durante el periodo inicial de pandemia COVID-19 se registró en las consultas de Pediatría de AP un aumento muy importante de la consulta telemática y, paralelamente, una disminución significativa de la consulta presencial. Se instauraron sistemas de triaje. Se mantuvo una actividad muy alta en el PSI. Hubo un número muy bajo de ingresos y casos graves.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has driven changes in the organization of care delivery in primary care (PC) centres. The objective of our study was to describe the changes in PC paediatric care that took place in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods We conducted a nationwide, multicentre, retrospective, observational and descriptive study through a survey of PC paediatricians with distribution of the questionnaire in June 2020. We collected data from March 16 to May 10, 2020, divided in four 2-week periods. We asked about care delivery in these centres during this period: use of triage systems, modalities of care delivery (in person or by telephone) and volume of visits. Results We received 105 responses by PC paediatricians, of which 110 were considered valid. We obtained responses from paediatricians in 17 autonomous communities (72.4% in urban settings). Respondents served a cumulative population of 107 715 patients. A total of 90.5% provided remote care (38.1% did before the pandemic). Triage was conducted in all centres. The mean number of patients managed per paediatrician in each of the time intervals under study was 144, 114, 123 and 136 (compared to 277, 214, 207 and 233 in the same periods in 2019). In 88.6% of the caseloads, in-person appointments were conducted as part of the child health programme (CHP). The total number of hospital admissions for any reason in the cumulative catchment population was of 79 patients, and the number of admissions to the intensive care unit was 7. The respondents did not report any deaths. Conclusions In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a substantial increase in remote primary care paediatric visits parallel to a significant decrease in in-person visits. Triage systems were implemented. There was still substantial activity in the CHP. The number of hospital admissions and cases of serious disease was very low.

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          Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study

          Summary Background Spain is one of the European countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Serological surveys are a valuable tool to assess the extent of the epidemic, given the existence of asymptomatic cases and little access to diagnostic tests. This nationwide population-based study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain at national and regional level. Methods 35 883 households were selected from municipal rolls using two-stage random sampling stratified by province and municipality size, with all residents invited to participate. From April 27 to May 11, 2020, 61 075 participants (75·1% of all contacted individuals within selected households) answered a questionnaire on history of symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and risk factors, received a point-of-care antibody test, and, if agreed, donated a blood sample for additional testing with a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Prevalences of IgG antibodies were adjusted using sampling weights and post-stratification to allow for differences in non-response rates based on age group, sex, and census-tract income. Using results for both tests, we calculated a seroprevalence range maximising either specificity (positive for both tests) or sensitivity (positive for either test). Findings Seroprevalence was 5·0% (95% CI 4·7–5·4) by the point-of-care test and 4·6% (4·3–5·0) by immunoassay, with a specificity–sensitivity range of 3·7% (3·3–4·0; both tests positive) to 6·2% (5·8–6·6; either test positive), with no differences by sex and lower seroprevalence in children younger than 10 years ( 10%) and lower in coastal areas (<3%). Seroprevalence among 195 participants with positive PCR more than 14 days before the study visit ranged from 87·6% (81·1–92·1; both tests positive) to 91·8% (86·3–95·3; either test positive). In 7273 individuals with anosmia or at least three symptoms, seroprevalence ranged from 15·3% (13·8–16·8) to 19·3% (17·7–21·0). Around a third of seropositive participants were asymptomatic, ranging from 21·9% (19·1–24·9) to 35·8% (33·1–38·5). Only 19·5% (16·3–23·2) of symptomatic participants who were seropositive by both the point-of-care test and immunoassay reported a previous PCR test. Interpretation The majority of the Spanish population is seronegative to SARS-CoV-2 infection, even in hotspot areas. Most PCR-confirmed cases have detectable antibodies, but a substantial proportion of people with symptoms compatible with COVID-19 did not have a PCR test and at least a third of infections determined by serology were asymptomatic. These results emphasise the need for maintaining public health measures to avoid a new epidemic wave. Funding Spanish Ministry of Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, and Spanish National Health System.
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            Use of Telemedicine and Virtual Care for Remote Treatment in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic

            The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant strain on medical centers resources. Thus, concerns about the reducing and management of COVID-19 are on the rise, as there is need to provide diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and follow-ups during the pandemic. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic has radically and quickly altered how medical practitioners provide care to patients. Medical centers are now responding to COVID-19 through rapid adoption of digital tools and technologies such as telemedicine and virtual care which refer to the delivery of healthcare services digital or at a distance using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) for treatment of patients. Telemedicine is expected to deliver timely care while minimizing exposure to protect medical practitioners and patients. Accordingly, a rapid literature review was conducted, and 35 research studies published from 2019 to May 2020 were employed to provide theoretical and practical evidence on the significance of using telemedicine and virtual care for remote treatment of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article provides practical guide based on how to use telemedicine and virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides implication on the potentials of consolidating virtual care solutions in the near future towards contributing to integrate digital technologies into healthcare.
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              Digital Health Strategies to Fight COVID-19 Worldwide: Challenges, Recommendations, and a Call for Papers

              The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has created an urgent need for coordinated mechanisms to respond to the outbreak across health sectors, and digital health solutions have been identified as promising approaches to address this challenge. This editorial discusses the current situation regarding digital health solutions to fight COVID-19 as well as the challenges and ethical hurdles to broad and long-term implementation of these solutions. To decrease the risk of infection, telemedicine has been used as a successful health care model in both emergency and primary care. Official communication plans should promote facile and diverse channels to inform people about the pandemic and to avoid rumors and reduce threats to public health. Social media platforms such as Twitter and Google Trends analyses are highly beneficial to model pandemic trends as well as to monitor the evolution of patients’ symptoms or public reaction to the pandemic over time. However, acceptability of digital solutions may face challenges due to potential conflicts with users’ cultural, moral, and religious backgrounds. Digital tools can provide collective public health benefits; however, they may be intrusive and can erode individual freedoms or leave vulnerable populations behind. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the strong potential of various digital health solutions that have been tested during the crisis. More concerted measures should be implemented to ensure that future digital health initiatives will have a greater impact on the epidemic and meet the most strategic needs to ease the life of people who are at the forefront of the crisis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                December 2021
                : 23
                : 92
                : 383-390
                Affiliations
                [8] orgnameAsociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap) España
                [2] Fuenlabrada Madrid orgnameCentro de Salud Cuzco España
                [4] Sevilla orgnameCentro de Salud La Roda de Andalucía España
                [7] Madrid orgnameCentro de Salud Goya España
                [3] Alcobendas Madrid orgnameCentro de Salud Valdelasfuentes España
                [6] Pontevedra orgnameCentro de Salud Virgen Peregrina España
                [5] San Fernando Cádiz orgnameCentro de Salud Joaquín Pece España
                [1] Huelva orgnameCentro de Salud Aracena España
                Article
                S1139-76322021000400006 S1139-7632(21)02309200006
                75315f7e-0a82-454b-900a-7aa88888eb7c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 8
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
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                COVID-19,Telemedicina,Pediatría,Organización de la demanda,Atención Primaria,Triage,Primary care,Paediatrics,e-health,Demand management,Triaje

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