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      Clinical Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease

      review-article
      ,
      Nephron Clinical Practice
      S. Karger AG
      Cardiovascular disease, Chronic kidney disease

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          Abstract

          Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The clinical epidemiology of CVD in CKD is challenging due to a prior lack of standardized definitions of CKD, inconsistent measures of renal function, and possible alternative effects of ‘traditional’ CVD risk factors in patients with CKD. These challenges add to the complexity of the role of renal impairment as the cause or the consequence of cardiovascular disease. The goal of this review is to summarize the current evidence on: (1) the incidence and prevalence of CVD in chronic renal insufficiency and in ESRD, (2) risk factors for CVD in CKD, (3) the outcomes of patients with renal failure with CVD, and (4) CKD as a risk factor for CVD. The epidemiological associations implicating the huge burden of CVD throughout all stages of CKD highlight the need to better understand and implement adequate screening, and diagnostic and treatment strategies.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          NEC
          Nephron Clin Pract
          10.1159/issn.1660-2110
          Nephron Clinical Practice
          S. Karger AG
          1660-2110
          2005
          October 2005
          08 June 2005
          : 101
          : 2
          : c47-c52
          Affiliations
          University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
          Article
          86221 Nephron Clin Pract 2005;101:c47–c52
          10.1159/000086221
          15942250
          7555062b-a0e8-4c06-b09a-af66275a8932
          © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel

          Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

          History
          Page count
          Figures: 2, References: 36, Pages: 1
          Categories
          Minireview

          Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
          Cardiovascular disease,Chronic kidney disease
          Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
          Cardiovascular disease, Chronic kidney disease

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