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      Prevalence of pterygium in a population in Northern Japan: the Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcome in Aizu Cohort Study

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for pterygium in a population aged 40–74 years in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

          Methods

          Of 4185 citizens of the towns of Minamiaizu-machi and Tadami-machi, 2312 (55.2%) gave consent to an ocular examination during a health examination. Pterygium was diagnosed when a radially oriented fibrovascular lesion growing over the limbus into the cornea was observed. Eyes with a history of pterygium excision were also diagnosed with pterygium. Prevalence and factors associated with pterygium were investigated.

          Results

          Of the 2312 subjects, 101 (4.4%; 95% confidence interval, 3.6–5.3%) had pterygium in at least 1 eye. The average age (±SD) of the subjects was 64.3 ± 8.0 years. Gender, age, outdoor job history and smoking history were examined as possible associated factors, but only age was found to be significantly associated with pterygium in logistic regression analysis.

          Conclusion

          The prevalence of pterygium was 4.4% in the study population. This low rate may be due to the northern latitude of these towns. Age was associated with a risk of pterygium, but gender and outdoor job history were not associated with onset of pterygium in this study.

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          Most cited references19

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          Pterygium and ultraviolet radiation: a positive correlation.

          Pterygium has long been believed to be an environmental disease, Ultraviolet (UV) radiation playing a major role in its development. In examination of more than 100 000 Aborigines and non-Aborigines in rural Australia a strong positive correlation between climatic UV radiation and pterygium prevalence was found, providing further evidence of a causal relationship. In addition interesting differences were found in prevalence in the different racial groups and between the sexes. These differences may be explained by differences in lifestyle.
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            Pterygium as an early indicator of ultraviolet insolation: a hypothesis.

            M Coroneo (1993)
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              Epidemiology of pterygium in Victoria, Australia.

              To describe the prevalence of and risk factors for pterygium in a population based sample of residents of the Australian state of Victoria who were aged 40 years and older. The strata comprised nine randomly selected clusters from the Melbourne statistical division, 14 nursing homes randomly selected from the nursing homes within a 5 kilometre radius of the nine Melbourne clusters, and four randomly selected clusters from rural Victoria. Pterygium was measured in millimetres from the tip to the middle of the base. During an interview, people were queried about previous ocular surgery, including surgical removal of pterygium, and their lifetime exposure to sunlight. 5147 people participated. They ranged in age from 40 to 101 years and 2850 (55.4%) were female. Only one person in the Melbourne cohort reported previous pterygium surgery, and seven rural residents reported previous surgery; this information was unavailable for the nursing home residents. Pterygium was present upon clinical examination in 39 (1.2%) of the 3229 Melbourne residents who had the clinical examination, six (1. 7%) of the nursing home residents, and 96 (6.7%) of the rural residents. The overall weighted population rate in the population was 2.83% (95% CL 2.35, 3.31). The independent risk factors for pterygium were found to be age (OR=1.23, 95% CL=1.06, 1.44), male sex (OR=2.02, 95% CL=1.35, 3.03), rural residence (OR=5.28, 95% CL=3. 56, 7.84), and lifetime ocular sun exposure (OR=1.63, 95% CL=1.18, 2. 25). The attributable risk of sunlight and pterygium was 43.6% (95% CL=42.7, 44.6). The result was the same when ocular UV-B exposure was substituted in the model for broad band sun exposure. Pterygium is a significant public health problem in rural areas, primarily as a result of ocular sun exposure.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Acta Ophthalmol
                Acta Ophthalmol
                aos
                Acta Ophthalmologica
                Blackwell Publishing Ltd (Oxford, UK )
                1755-375X
                1755-3768
                May 2013
                : 91
                : 3
                : e232-e236
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
                [2 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center Tokyo, Japan
                [3 ]National Institute of Public Health Tokyo, Japan
                [4 ]Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima, Japan
                [5 ]Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
                [6 ]Institute for Health Outcomes & Process Evaluation Research Kyoto, Japan
                [7 ]Division for Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center Tokyo, Japan
                Author notes
                Takatoshi Tano, MD Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine Juntendo University 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyou-ku 113-8421 Tokyo Japan Tel: + 813 6908 1606 Fax: + 813 6908 1606 Email: tanotakatoshi@ 123456canvas.ocn.ne.jp
                Article
                10.1111/aos.12044
                3652041
                23552021
                7558e3f2-764e-48f6-8ac7-408d71bc6347
                © 2013 The Authors. Acta Ophthalmologica © 2013 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation

                Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

                History
                : 23 July 2012
                : 28 October 2012
                Categories
                Original Articles

                Ophthalmology & Optometry
                japanese,population-based study,prevalence,pterygium,risk factors
                Ophthalmology & Optometry
                japanese, population-based study, prevalence, pterygium, risk factors

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