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      Revisión de ensayos clínicos controlados mediante cambios en el comportamiento para el tratamiento de la obesidad Translated title: Review of controled clinical trials of behavioral treatment for obesity

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          Abstract

          El aumento en la prevalencia de la obesidad se ha asociado al aumento de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. Las teorías de cambio de conducta (CC) se han utilizado como tratamiento para ayudar a los individuos a desarrollar una serie de habilidades para lograr un peso saludable. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura de estudios clínicos controlados, registrados en PubMed y que incluyeran terapias de CC, de enero de 2000 a noviembre de 2006. Se encontraron cinco estudios con intervención o seguimiento a largo plazo (≥ 12 meses) y que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se realizó un análisis individual de los resultados de cada uno de ellos. El porcentaje de reducción de peso al final del seguimiento oscila entre el 3% al 9% del peso inicial; el porcentaje de retención fue de 92% a los tres meses a 55% a los 24 meses. No se encontraron estudios realizados e población latina. Los resultados sugieren que la aplicación de CC ha dado resultados modestos en la población que termina el seguimiento y que la mayoría de estudios reportan un porcentaje bajo de adherencia a largo plazo. Se recomienda mayores apoyos para la realización de estudios multicéntricos aleatorios a largo plazo, que permitan determinar el tipo de medidas de control y tratamiento seguros y eficaces en poblaciones con diferentes patrones culturales, incluyendo países latinoamericanos.

          Translated abstract

          The increased prevalence of obesity has been associated to an increment in chronic-degenerative diseases. The behavioral conduct therapies (BCT) have been used to help subjects develop a series of skills to reach a healthy weight. We conducted a review of the literature of BCT from controlled clinical trials registered at PubMed from January 2000 to november 2006. We found five long-term (≥ 12 months) studies and analyzed each study. The percent of weight loss at the end of follow up ranged from 3% to 9% of the initial weight; the percent of retention fluctuated from 92% at three months to 55% at 24 months. There were no similar reported studies conducted in Latino or Hispanic population. These results suggest that the change in loss of weight with BCT are modest at the end of the follow up period and that most of the studies report low adherence to treatment. It is recommended that public and private funds are needed to implement effective and safe multicentric long term randomized studies on different cultural populations, including most Latin-American countries.

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          Effect of internet support on the long-term maintenance of weight loss.

          To investigate the efficacy of an Internet weight maintenance program. Two hundred fifty-five healthy overweight and obese adults (mean +/- SD BMI, 31.8 +/- 4.1 kg/m(2)) men (18%; mean +/- SD age, 45.8 +/- 8.9 yrs) participated in a 6-month behavioral weight control program conducted over interactive television. Treatment was followed by a 12-month weight maintenance program with three conditions: frequent in-person support (F-IPS), minimal in-person support (M-IPS) and internet support (IS). Main outcome measures included body weight, program adherence, and social influence components. There were no significant differences among the groups in weight loss (mean +/- SD) from baseline to 18 months (7.6 +/- 7.3 kg vs. 5.5 +/- 8.9 kg vs. 5.1 +/- 6.5 kg, p = 0.23 for the IS, M-IPS, and F-IPS, respectively). Participants assigned to an internet-based weight maintenance program sustained comparable weight loss over 18 months compared with individuals who continued to meet face-to-face. Therefore, the internet appears to be a viable medium for promoting long-term weight maintenance.
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            Social-Cognitive Factors in Changing Health-Related Behaviors

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              Physical activity and weight loss: does prescribing higher physical activity goals improve outcome?

              Recommending increased physical activity facilitates long-term weight loss, but the optimal level of physical activity to recommend is unknown. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy for long-term weight loss of recommendations for much higher physical activity than those normally used in behavioral treatments. Overweight men and women (n = 202) were randomly assigned to either a standard behavior therapy (SBT) for obesity, incorporating an energy expenditure (EE) goal of 1000 kcal/wk, or to a high physical activity (HPA) treatment, in which the goal was an EE of 2500 kcal/wk. To help HPA treatment group participants achieve this high exercise goal, their treatment included encouragement to recruit 1-3 exercise partners into the study, personal counseling from an exercise coach, and small monetary incentives. The HPA treatment group reported achieving higher mean (+/- SD) physical activity levels than did the SBT group at 6 mo (EE of 2399 +/- 1571 kcal/wk compared with 1837 +/- 1431 kcal/wk), 12 mo (EE of 2249 +/- 1751 kcal/wk compared with 1565 +/- 1309 kcal/wk), and 18 mo (EE of 2317 +/- 1854 kcal/wk compared with 1629 +/- 1483 kcal/wk) (all P < 0.01). Mean (+/- SEM) cumulative weight losses at 6, 12, and 18 mo in the HPA treatment group were 9.0 +/- 7.1, 8.5 +/- 7.9, and 6.7 +/- 8.1 kg, respectively. In the SBT group, the corresponding weight losses were 8.1 +/- 7.4, 6.1 +/- 8.8, and 4.1 +/- 7.3 kg, respectively. Between-group differences in weight loss were significant at 12 and 18 mo. These results suggest that recommendations of higher levels of physical activity (EE of 2500 kcal/wk) promote long-term weight loss better than do conventional recommendations.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral (Madrid )
                0212-1611
                February 2008
                : 23
                : 1
                : 1-5
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Mexico
                Article
                S0212-16112008000100001
                75815865-ad2c-45cb-8593-3ba51b4bd38a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                NUTRITION & DIETETICS

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                Obesity,Treatment,Behavioral treatment,Theory,Obesidad,Tratamiento,Comportamiento de Conducta,Teoría

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