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      Ativação e co-contração dos músculos gastrocnêmio e tibial anterior na marcha de mulheres utilizando diferentes alturas de saltos Translated title: Activation and co-contraction of the gastrocnemius and anterior tibial muscles in the gait of women using different heights of heels Translated title: Activación y co-contracción de los músculos tibial anterior y gastrocnemio en la marcha de las mujeres que utilizan las diferentes alturas de tacón

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ativação e a co-contração muscular dos músculos tibial anterior (TA) e gastrocnêmio lateral (GL) durante a marcha, utilizando diferentes calçados. Nove mulheres caminharam sobre uma esteira elétrica com velocidade de 3,5 Km/h em três situações: sem calçado, com salto baixo (6 cm) e com salto alto (9 cm), sendo simultaneamente registrados sinais eletromiográficos do TA e GL. Os principais resultados encontrados no presente estudo demonstraram que: (1) independente da altura do salto houve maior ativação do GL (p<0,05), em comparação com o TA; (2) o músculo GL apresentou maior ativação (p<0,05) com o calçado de salto alto, em comparação a situação com os pés descalços; e (3) quanto maior a altura do salto, maiores percentuais de co-contração muscular foram encontrados (p<0,05).

          Translated abstract

          The aim of this study was to investigate the muscle activation and co-contraction of tibialis anterior (TA) and lateral gastrocnemius (GL) during gait using different shoes. Nine college women walked on a treadmill with speed of 3,5km/h in three situations: without shoes, with short heels (6 cm), and high heels (9 cm) were simultaneously electromyography sinals recorded of TA and GL. The results showed that in the three test situations there was a higher activation of the GL compared with TA (p<0,05). There was also difference (p<0,05) in the muscle activation between the conditions "without shoes x high heels" just for the GL muscle. Finally, it was found that the higher the heel, higher is the percentage of co-contraction found.

          Translated abstract

          El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la activación muscular y la co-contracción de los músculos tibial anterior (TA) y gastrocnemio lateral (GL) durante la marcha, utilizando zapatos diferentes. Nueve mujeres caminaron en una cinta de velocidad de 3,5km/h en tres situaciones: sin zapatos, con zapatos de tacón bajo (6 cm) y con zapatos de tacón alto (9 cm), siendo al mismo tiempo registrado señales eletromiograficos de TA y GL. Los resultados mostraron que en las tres situaciones de prueba había una mayor activación de GL en comparación con TA (p<0,05). También se encuentran diferencia (p<0,05) en la activación muscular entre las condiciones sin zapatos x tacón alto sólo por el músculo GL. Por último, se encontró que, cuanto mayor es la altura del tacón, mayor sea el porcentaje de co-contracción.

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          Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement

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            Lower extremity mechanics and energy cost of walking in high-heeled shoes.

            In today's society, many women wear high-heeled shoes. However, the effect that shoes of different heel heights have on the biomechanics and energy cost of gait has not been fully investigated. In the present study, the energy cost and the lower extremity mechanics in shoes of different heel heights (1.25 cm, 3.81 cm, 5.08 cm, and 7.62 cm) were examined in 15 female subjects, seven of whom could be considered experienced high-heel wearers. Kinematic data from high-speed video and kinetic data from a force platform were collected to describe lower extremity mechanics while subjects walked overground at a speed of 4.2 km/hour. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were monitored while subjects walked on a treadmill, also at 4.2 km/hour. There were no significant differences in any of the parameters as a function of experience in wearing high heels; therefore, the data were pooled for further analysis. Analysis of the biomechanical data revealed that ankle plantar flexion, knee flexion, vertical ground reaction force, and the maximum anteroposterior braking force increased as a function of heel height. In addition, the timing of the subtalar and knee joint action was asynchronous with the increase in heel height. Metabolically, heart rate and oxygen consumption also increased with heel height. There were many significant differences between the 5.08-cm and the 7.62-cm heel conditions. Therefore, to maintain comfort and decrease the risk of injury, women may be advised not to wear shoes with a heel height greater than 5.08 cm.
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              Analysis of muscular fatigue and foot stability during high-heeled gait.

              Plantar pressure measurements and surface electromyography (EMG) were used to determine the effects of muscular fatigue induced by high-heeled gait. The medio-lateral (M/L) stability of the foot was characterized by measuring the M/L deviations of the center of pressure (COP) and correlating these data with fatigue of lower-limb muscles seen on EMG. EMG measurements from habitual high-heeled shoe wearers demonstrated an imbalance of gastrocnemius lateralis versus gastrocnemius medialis activity in fatigue conditions, which correlated with abnormal lateral shifts in the foot-ground or shoe-ground COP of these women.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbce
                Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte
                Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Esporte
                Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte (Porto Alegre )
                2179-3255
                March 2012
                : 34
                : 1
                : 27-39
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                Article
                S0101-32892012000100003
                10.1590/S0101-32892012000100003
                75a5cfcb-b8e4-4a7c-aa51-ac483fb119f0

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0101-3289&lng=en
                Categories
                SPORT SCIENCES

                Sports medicine
                gait,electromyography,co,contraction,evaluation,marcha,electromiografía,contracción,evaluación,eletromiografia,contração,avaliação

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