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      Echinococcus multilocularis in domestic cats in France

      , , ,
      Veterinary Parasitology
      Elsevier BV

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          Influence of environmental factors on the infectivity of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs

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            Domestic pets as risk factors for alveolar hydatid disease in Austria.

            To identify the risk of pet ownership (i.e., cats and dogs) for alveolar echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, the habits and activities of 21 patients (histologic confirmation or positive serology with corresponding evidence on an ultrasonogram, radiograph, or computed tomography scan) in Austria during the period 1967-1997 were compared with the habits and activities of 84 controls matched by sex, age, and residence. Cat ownership (odds ratio (OR) = 6.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-27.29) and hunting (OR = 7.83, 95% CI 1.16-52.77) were independent risk factors associated with alveolar hydatid disease. The study is not in agreement with the hypothesis that eating mushrooms or certain wild berries which grow near the ground are the main risk factors for acquiring this disease. No other behavior patterns or activities studied were identified as risk factors.
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              A programme to reduce the risk of infection by Echinococcus multilocularis: the use of praziquantel to control the cestode in a village in the hyperendemic region of Alaska.

              This paper reports the results of a 10-year field trial designed to reduce the risk of infection by Echinococcus multilocularis to residents of a village in a hyperendemic area (Savoonga, St. Lawrence Island). The objective was to prevent dispersal of infective eggs of the cestode within the village by means of monthly treatments of dogs with praziquantel. Northern voles, Microtus oeconomus, present in the village as commensals, served as an index of risk, as the incidence of infection in the voles provides information about the availability of eggs within the confines of the inhabited area. Voles were examined annually during early June before the population of overwintering voles was diluted by the first annual litters. The pretreatment infection-rate within the village was 29% (range 22-35%), and in control areas at some distance from the village for the entire study period it averaged 53% (284 infected voles from a sample of 533). Some fluctuation in incidence of infection in village voles occurred, apparently depending on the extent to which the residents kept their dogs chained and thus available for treatment. The success of the programme was demonstrated by the reduction in prevalence of infection to about 1% of voles in 1985, and an average infection rate during the last five years of the study of 5% (29 infected voles in a sample of 582). This 83% average reduction in the prevalence of the larval cestode within the village reflects a corresponding reduction in the risk of acquiring by the residents of the village. The method would be applicable for the control of E. multilocularis in most hyperendemic regions. Success depends, however, on elimination of unrestrained dogs and a precise schedule of treatment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Veterinary Parasitology
                Veterinary Parasitology
                Elsevier BV
                03044017
                January 2000
                January 2000
                : 87
                : 2-3
                : 151-156
                Article
                10.1016/S0304-4017(99)00181-8
                75a85fb7-af7b-4b0b-8cfd-978537b55f7c
                © 2000

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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