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      Begonia guangdongensis , a new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Guangdong, China

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          Abstract

          A new species of Begonia section Coelocentrum , B. guangdongensis W.H. Tu, B.M. Wang & Y.L. Li from Guangdong Province, China, is described and illustrated here. Morphologically, the new species is most similar to B. biflora T. C. Ku and B. longistyla Y. M. Shui & W. H. Chen, but differs from B. biflora by its rugose leaves and glabrous capsules and from B. longistyla by its glabrous stipules without ciliate margin, densely hirsute-pilose leaves and obtuse apex of bracts. Additionally, it is also somewhat similar to B. chongzuoensis Yan Liu, S. M. Ku & C.-I Peng, but there are significant distinctions in their stipules, leaves and bracts. The conservation status of B. guangdongensis is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR), according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

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          History and Concepts of Big Plant Genera

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            Population genetic divergence corresponds with species-level biodiversity patterns in the large genus Begonia.

            Begonia is one of the largest angiosperm genera, containing over 1500 species. Some aspects of the distribution of biodiversity in the genus, such as the geographical restrictions of monophyletic groups, the rarity and morphological variability of widespread species, and a preponderance of narrow endemics, suggest that restricted gene flow may have been a factor in the formation of so many species. In order to investigate whether this inference based on large-scale patterns is supported by data at the population level, we examined the distribution of genetic variation within Begonia sutherlandii in the indigenous forests of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, using microsatellite markers. Despite the species being predominantly outbreeding, we found high and significant levels of population structure (standardized =F'ST= 0.896). Even within individual populations, there was evidence for clear differentiation of subpopulations. There is thus congruence in evolutionary patterns ranging from interspecific phylogeny, the distribution of individual species, to the levels of population differentiation. Despite this species-rich genus showing a pan-tropical distribution, these combined observations suggest that differentiation occurs over very local scales. Although strongly selected allelic variants can maintain species cohesion with only low levels of gene flow, we hypothesize that in Begonia, gene flow levels are often so low, that divergence in allopatry is likely to be a frequent occurrence, and the lack of widespread species may in part be attributable to a lack of a mechanism for holding them together.
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              Phylogenetic Relationships of Asian Begonia, with an Emphasis on the Evolution of Rain-ballist and Animal Dispersal Mechanisms in Sections Platycentrum, Sphenanthera and Leprosae

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                PhytoKeys
                PhytoKeys
                3
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:F7FCE910-8E78-573F-9C77-7788555F8AAD
                PhytoKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1314-2011
                1314-2003
                2020
                07 October 2020
                : 162
                : 29-36
                Affiliations
                [1 ] South China Limestone Plants Research Center, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
                [2 ] Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China Panyu Central Hospital Guangzhou China
                [3 ] Yangchun, Guangdong, China Unaffiliated Yangjiang China
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Yu-Ling Li ( ylli@ 123456scau.edu.cn )

                Academic editor: Jan Wieringa

                Article
                51913
                10.3897/phytokeys.162.51913
                7560510
                75b27b9a-5edc-43b0-8618-fe11442ae9f3
                Wen-Hui Tu, Bing-Mou Wang, Yi Huang, Gang Yao, Jiu-Xiang Huang, Yu-Ling Li

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 10 March 2020
                : 08 September 2020
                Funding
                Guangdong Wildlife Protection and Management Project of Forestry Bureau of Guangdong Province in 2019 and Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31800166)
                Categories
                Research Article
                Begoniaceae
                Biodiversity & Conservation
                Taxonomy
                Cenozoic
                Asia

                Plant science & Botany
                begonia sect. coelocentrum,guangdong,limestone karsts,new taxon,plantae,cucurbitales,begoniaceae

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