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      The Formation of Glycerol Oligomers with Two New Types of End Groups in the Presence of a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst

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          Abstract

          The purpose of this work was to synthesize and characterize oligoglycerols with the chains of more than four repeating units. Those oligoglycerols may have some interesting applications, among others, as polyoxyalkylation starters. The glycerol oligomerization process was carried out during 12 h, at 230 °C, under the pressure of 0.4 bar, with the use of sodium carbonate as a homogeneous basic catalyst; various concentrations of the catalyst in the reaction medium were used. The reaction products were analyzed with the use of direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Based on the analytical findings, the compositions of the obtained product mixtures and the structures of oligoglycerols present in individual fractions were determined. The effect of catalyst concentration on the composition of the post-reaction mixture was observed. Moreover, in addition to the conventional linear oligomers (α,α-oligoglycerols), two new types of the oligomers were for the first time detected in the post-reaction mixture: one with two hydroxyl groups and the other with a carboxylate group at the α-carbon atom.

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          Understanding the glycerol market

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            Oligomerization of glycerol - a critical review

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              Etherification of glycerol to polyglycerols over MgAl mixed oxides

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Polymers (Basel)
                Polymers (Basel)
                polymers
                Polymers
                MDPI
                2073-4360
                16 January 2019
                January 2019
                : 11
                : 1
                : 144
                Affiliations
                Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland; kornelia.bosowska@ 123456uni.opole.pl (K.B.); Krystyna.czaja@ 123456uni.opole.pl (K.C.); Anna.poliwoda@ 123456uni.opole.pl (A.P.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: dkansy@ 123456uni.opole.pl ; Tel.: +48-77-452-7146
                Article
                polymers-11-00144
                10.3390/polym11010144
                6401734
                75bc56da-83d1-4bd2-b9b1-ae36f9db0037
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 23 December 2018
                : 11 January 2019
                Categories
                Article

                glycerol,oligoglycerol,oligomerization,catalysis,mechanism,polyglycerols

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