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      Las mil y una caras del Mycoplasma Translated title: The thousand and one faces of Mycoplasma

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          Abstract

          Resumen Mycoplasma pneumoniae es un patógeno implicado en la etiología de procesos respiratorios, pero también en otras entidades extrapulmonares, entre ellas la “mucositis y exantema inducido por Mycoplasma pneumoniae”, descrita por primera vez en 2015. Se presentan dos casos clínicos de una niña de cinco años y un niño de seis ingresados en nuestro hospital con esta entidad. Al tratarse de un diagnóstico de reciente descripción y poco frecuente, es necesario su conocimiento por pediatras, oftalmólogos y dermatólogos para un manejo adecuado.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pathogen involved in the etiology of respiratory processes, but also in other extrapulmonary entities, including “Mycoplasma induced-rash and mucositis”, first described in 2015. Two clinical cases of a 5-year-old girl and a 6-year-old boy admitted to our hospital with this entity are presented. As it is a recently described and infrequent diagnosis, its knowledge by pediatricians, ophthalmologists and dermatologists is necessary for proper management.

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          Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen.

          Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a unique bacterium that does not always receive the attention it merits considering the number of illnesses it causes and the degree of morbidity associated with it in both children and adults. Serious infections requiring hospitalization, while rare, occur in both adults and children and may involve multiple organ systems. The severity of disease appears to be related to the degree to which the host immune response reacts to the infection. Extrapulmonary complications involving all of the major organ systems can occur in association with M. pneumoniae infection as a result of direct invasion and/or autoimmune response. The extrapulmonary manifestations are sometimes of greater severity and clinical importance than the primary respiratory infection. Evidence for this organism's contributory role in chronic lung conditions such as asthma is accumulating. Effective management of M. pneumoniae infections can usually be achieved with macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones. As more is learned about the pathogenesis and immune response elicited by M. pneumoniae, improvement in methods for diagnosis and prevention of disease due to this organism may occur.
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            Mycoplasma pneumoniae -Induced Mucocutaneous Rash: A New Syndrome Distinct from Erythema Multiforme? Report of a New Case and Review of the Literature

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              Mycoplasma pneumoniae -associated Mucositis: A Recently Described Entity

              Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common cause of respiratory infections and can be associated with extrapulmonary complications. MP mucositis has recently been described as a distinct endemic clinical entity called Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM). The authors present the case of a 46-year-old man with atypical pneumonia associated with exuberant mucositis, conjunctival hyperaemia and positive serological assays for MP IgM. The patient was treated with azithromycin and systemic corticosteroid therapy. Supportive care including pain management, intravenous hydration and mucosal care was also given. There was complete resolution of the pneumonia and mucositis. The presence of atypical pneumonia with mucosal involvement without cutaneous lesions and a favourable clinical evolution led to the diagnosis of MIRM. LEARNING POINTS Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can be associated with mucocutaneous lesions. A new entity called Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) has been recently described. The mucocutaneous involvement associated with MIRM is predominantly mucositis with scarce or absent cutaneous expression. The clinical presentation, pathophysiology and disease outcomes of MIRM distinguish it from Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis and erythema multiform. MIRM has an overall favourable prognosis as the majority of patients recover without sequalae and recurrence is rare.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                September 2021
                : 23
                : 91
                : 297-299
                Affiliations
                [2] Collado Villalba Madrid orgnameHospital General de Villalba orgdiv1Servicio de Pediatría España
                [1] Collado Villalba Madrid orgnameHospital General de Villalba orgdiv1Servicio de Pediatría orgdiv2Unidad de Infectología Pediátrica España
                Article
                S1139-76322021000300010 S1139-7632(21)02309100010
                75c96628-6f15-43db-afe6-a60ea73c86c3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 5, Pages: 3
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Notas Clínicas

                Hiperemia conjuntival,Exantema,Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Mucositis,Conjunctival hyperaemia,Exanthema

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