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      Wearing a face mask during controlled‐intensity exercise is not a risk factor for exertional heatstroke: A pilot study

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          Abstract

          Aim

          This study aimed to measure the influence of wearing face masks on individuals’ physical status in a hot and humid environment.

          Methods

          Each participant experienced different physical situations: (i) not wearing a mask (control), (ii) wearing a surgical mask, (iii) wearing a sport mask. An ingestible capsule thermometer was used to measure internal core body temperature during different exercises (standing, walking, and running, each for 20 min) in an artificial weather room with the internal wet‐bulb globe temperature set at 28°C. The change in the participants’ physical status and urinary liver fatty acid‐binding protein (L‐FABP) were measured.

          Results

          Six healthy male volunteers were enrolled in the study. In each participant, significant changes were observed in the heart rate and internal core temperatures after increased exercise intensity; however, no significant differences were observed between these parameters and urinary L‐FABP among the three intervention groups.

          Conclusion

          Mask wearing is not a risk factor for heatstroke during increased exercise intensity.

          Abstract

          This study aimed to measure the influence of wearing face masks in hot and humid environments in different physical situations: (i) not wearing a mask (control), (ii) wearing a surgical mask, (iii) wearing a sport mask. In all six participants, significant changes were observed in heart rate and internal core temperature with increased exercise intensity; however, no significant differences were observed between these parameters and urinary liver fatty acid‐binding protein among the three intervention groups. Mask wearing is not a risk factor for heatstroke during increased‐intensity exercise.

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          Most cited references18

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          Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks

          The emergence of a pandemic affecting the respiratory system can result in a significant demand for face masks. This includes the use of cloth masks by large sections of the public, as can be seen during the current global spread of COVID-19. However, there is limited knowledge available on the performance of various commonly available fabrics used in cloth masks. Importantly, there is a need to evaluate filtration efficiencies as a function of aerosol particulate sizes in the 10 nm to 10 μm range, which is particularly relevant for respiratory virus transmission. We have carried out these studies for several common fabrics including cotton, silk, chiffon, flannel, various synthetics, and their combinations. Although the filtration efficiencies for various fabrics when a single layer was used ranged from 5 to 80% and 5 to 95% for particle sizes of 300 nm, respectively, the efficiencies improved when multiple layers were used and when using a specific combination of different fabrics. Filtration efficiencies of the hybrids (such as cotton–silk, cotton–chiffon, cotton–flannel) was >80% (for particles 90% (for particles >300 nm). We speculate that the enhanced performance of the hybrids is likely due to the combined effect of mechanical and electrostatic-based filtration. Cotton, the most widely used material for cloth masks performs better at higher weave densities (i.e., thread count) and can make a significant difference in filtration efficiencies. Our studies also imply that gaps (as caused by an improper fit of the mask) can result in over a 60% decrease in the filtration efficiency, implying the need for future cloth mask design studies to take into account issues of “fit” and leakage, while allowing the exhaled air to vent efficiently. Overall, we find that combinations of various commonly available fabrics used in cloth masks can potentially provide significant protection against the transmission of aerosol particles.
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            ACSM's new preparticipation health screening recommendations from ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, ninth edition.

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              Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT)--its history and its limitations.

              G Budd (2007)
              Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is nowadays the most widely used index of heat stress, yet many users appear to be unaware of its history and its limitations. HISTORY OF WBGT: WBGT was invented and first used during the 1950s as one element in a successful campaign to control serious outbreaks of heat illness in training camps of the United States Army and Marine Corps. Control measures based on air temperature and humidity, and applied to all trainees alike, had proved effective but had entailed excessive compliance costs in the form of lost training time. New control measures introduced in 1956 further reduced heat illness and also lost fewer training hours. Crucial innovations were (1) replacing the temperature and humidity measurements with WBGT, which additionally responds to sun and wind, (2) using epidemiologic analyses of casualty records to identify hazardous levels of WBGT and vulnerable trainees, and (3) protecting the most vulnerable trainees by suspending drill at lower levels of WBGT, and by improving their heat tolerance in special conditioning platoons. This campaign has considerable relevance to the prevention of heat illness in sport. LIMITATIONS OF WBGT: WBGT's most serious limitation is that environments at a given level of the index are more stressful when the evaporation of sweat is restricted (by high humidity or low air movement) than when evaporation is free. As with all indices that integrate elements of the thermal environment, interpretation of the observed levels of WBGT requires careful evaluation of people's activity, clothing, and many other factors, all of which can introduce large errors into any predictions of adverse effects. Moreover, the accuracy of WBGT is being eroded by measurement errors associated with the omission of the globe temperature, with non-standard instrumentation, and with unsatisfactory calibration procedures. Because of the above limitations WBGT can provide only a general guide to the likelihood of adverse effects of heat. A much clearer assessment can be obtained by measuring the individual elements of the thermal environment, and using those measurements to estimate the requirement for evaporative cooling, the likelihood of achieving it, and more accurate and comprehensive indices of heat stress.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                shoji@nms.ac.jp
                Journal
                Acute Med Surg
                Acute Med Surg
                10.1002/(ISSN)2052-8817
                AMS2
                Acute Medicine & Surgery
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2052-8817
                26 November 2021
                Jan-Dec 2021
                : 8
                : 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/ams2.v8.1 )
                : e712
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
                [ 2 ] Graduate School of Medical and Health Science Nippon Sport Science University Tokyo Japan
                [ 3 ] Department of Industrial Administration Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Corresponding: Shoji Yokobori MD, PhD, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1‐1‐5 Sendagi, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐8603, Japan. E‐mail: shoji@ 123456nms.ac.jp .

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-704X
                Article
                AMS2712
                10.1002/ams2.712
                8622324
                34868603
                75e8d4c4-2491-41cb-bb06-31392b3b6308
                © 2021 The Authors. Acute Medicine & Surgery published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Association for Acute Medicine

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

                History
                : 31 October 2021
                : 27 August 2021
                : 04 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 1, Pages: 8, Words: 4095
                Funding
                Funded by: Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant 2020 in Japan.
                Award ID: 20CA2057
                Categories
                Original Article
                Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                January/December 2021
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.9 mode:remove_FC converted:26.11.2021

                covid‐19,dehydration,heatstroke,mask,prevention
                covid‐19, dehydration, heatstroke, mask, prevention

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