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      Quantification of cells expressing markers of proliferation and apoptosis in chronic tonsilitis Translated title: Quantificazione delle cellule che esprimono i marcatori di proliferazione e apoptosi nelle tonsilliti croniche

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          SUMMARY

          During chronic tonsillitis, the relationship between proliferation and apoptosis of lymphocytes in tonsillar follicles can be disturbed, which gives rise to attenuation of tonsil immunocompetence and diminishing its contribution in systemic immunity. In this study, we have quantified the cells expressing the markers of proliferation and apoptosis in the follicles of the palatine tonsil. Six tonsils from patients aged 10-29 years with hypertrophic tonsillitis and five tonsils from patients aged 18-22 years with recurrent tonsillitis were studied. The sections of paraffin blocks of tonsillar tissue were stained by the immunohistochemical LSAB/HRP method with the utilisation of antibodies for: Ki-67 antigen-cell marker of proliferation; Bcl-2 and survivin anti-apoptotic factors and Fas/CD95, caspase-3 and Bax pro-apoptotic factors. The size of lymphoid follicles, i.e. mean follicle area and number of lymphoid follicle immunopositive cells per mm2 of a slice area, i.e. numerical areal density were determined by the quantitative image analysis. The localisation of Ki-67, Bcl-2, survivin, Fas/CD95, caspase-3 and Bax- immunopositive cells inside the palatine tonsil was similar in both types of tonsillitis. The number of Ki-67 immunopositive cells was significantly (p < 0.01) larger in the tonsils with hypertrophic tonsillitis (14681.4 ± 1460.5) in comparison to those with recurrent tonsillitis (12491.4 ± 2321.6), although the number of survivin and caspase-3 immunopositive cells was significantly (p < 0.05) larger in recurrent tonsillitis (survivin, 406.9 ± 98.4; caspase-3, 350.4 ± 119.4) when compared to those with hypertrophic tonsillitis (survivin, 117.4 ± 14.5; caspase-3, 210 ± 24). Our results show that the rate of the proliferation and apoptosis of follicular lymphocytes is different in various types of tonsillitis. This suggests that the immunological potential of the palatine tonsil varies in patients with hypertrophic and recurrent tonsillitis, which in practice poses a dilemma over the choice of conservative or surgical treatment.

          RIASSUNTO

          Durante una tonsillite cronica, il rapporto tra proliferazione e apoptosi dei linfociti nei follicoli tonsillari può essere alterato: ciò spiega l'attenuazione dell'immunocompetenza tonsillare e la riduzione del suo contributo all' immunità sistemica. In questo studio abbiamo quantificato le cellule che esprimono i marker di proliferazione e apoptosi nei follicoli delle tonsille palatine. Sono state studiate sei tonsille da pazienti di età compresa tra 10 e 29 anni con tonsillite ipertrofica e cinque tonsille da pazienti di età compresa tra 18 e 22 anni con tonsillite ricorrente. Le sezioni di tessuto tonsillare incluso in paraffina sono state colorate con il metodo immunoistochimico di LSAB/HRP attraverso l'applicazione di anticorpi per: l'antigene ki-67, marcatore cellulare di proliferazione; Bcl-2 e survivina, fattori antiapoptotici; Fas/CD95, caspasi 3 e Bax, fattori proapoptotici. La dimensione dei follicoli linfatici, ossia l'area del follicolo e il numero delle cellule immunopositive del follicolo per mm2, ossia la densità numerica dell'area, sono state determinate attraverso una analisi quantitativa dell'immagine. La localizzazione delle cellule immunopositive a ki-67, Bcl-2, survivina, Fas/CD95, caspasi 3 e Bax all'interno della tonsilla palatina è stata simile nei due tipi di tonsillite. Il numero delle cellule immunopositive per Ki-67 è stato significativamente (p < 0,01) maggiore nelle tonsille con tonsillite ipertrofica (14681,4 ± 1460,5) rispetto a quelle con tonsillite ricorrente (12491,4 ± 2321,6), sebbene il numero di cellule immunopositive per survivina e caspasi 3 fosse significativamente (p < 0,05) maggiore nelle tonsilliti ricorrenti (survivina, 406,9 ± 98,4; caspasi-3, 350,4 ± 119,4) rispetto alle tonsille con tonsilliti ipertrofiche (survivina, 117,4 ± 14,5; caspasi-3, 210 ± 24). I nostri risultati mostrano che il tasso di proliferazione e apoptosi dei linfociti follicolari è diverso nei vari tipi di tonsillite. Questo indica che il potenziale immunologico della tonsilla palatina varia nei pazienti con tonsillite ipertrofica rispetto a quelli con tonsillite ricorrente: ciò, nella pratica, pone un dilemma in merito alla scelta del trattamento conservativo o chirurgico.

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          Most cited references28

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          Survivin and IAP proteins in cell-death mechanisms.

          From the realization that cell number homoeostasis is fundamental to the biology of all metazoans, and that deregulation of this process leads to human diseases, enormous interest has been devoted over the last two decades to map the requirements of cell death and cell survival. This effort has led to tangible progress, and we can now chart with reasonable accuracy complex signalling circuitries controlling cell-fate decisions. Some of this knowledge has translated into novel therapeutics, and the outcome of these strategies, especially in cancer, is eagerly awaited. However, the function of cell-death modifiers have considerably broadened over the last few years, and these molecules are increasingly recognized as arbiters of cellular homoeostasis, from cell division, to intracellular signalling to cellular adaptation. This panoply of functions is best exemplified by members of the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) gene family, molecules originally narrowly defined as endogenous caspase inhibitors, but now firmly positioned at the crossroads of multiple normal and transformed cellular responses.
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            Nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin: molecular mechanism, prognostic, and therapeutic potential.

            Survivin's proposed dual role as an apoptosis inhibitor and a mitotic effector positioned it in the front line of cancer research. Notably, survivin is detected as a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein in cancer patients, which stimulated numerous studies to investigate and to speculate on the functional and prognostic significance of its dynamic localization. Recent evidence shows that the direct interaction of survivin with the nuclear export receptor Crm1 is critically involved in its intracellular localization and cancer-relevant functions. Here, we review our current understanding of the Crm1/survivin interface and discuss its potential prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
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              Immunology of the tonsils.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital
                Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital
                Pacini
                Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica
                Pacini Editore SpA
                0392-100X
                1827-675X
                October 2015
                : 35
                : 4
                : 277-284
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine University of Niš, Serbia;
                [2 ] Centre for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre Niš, Serbia
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Predrag Vlahović, Centre for Medical Biochemistry, Dept. of Immunology, Clinical Centre Niš, Bul. dr. Zorana Djindjića 48, 18000 Niš, Serbia. Tel. +381 18 4534850. Email: predrag_vlahovic@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Pacini
                4731890
                26824215
                75e9b502-ee8f-446b-a6ad-97b6c8eaefb6
                © Copyright by Società Italiana di Otorinolaringologia e Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License, which permits for noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any digital medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not altered in any way. For details, please refer to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

                History
                : 03 August 2014
                : 03 April 2015
                Categories
                Basic Research in Otorhinolaryngology

                Otolaryngology
                human palatine tonsil,lymphoid follicle,cell proliferation,apoptosis,quantification
                Otolaryngology
                human palatine tonsil, lymphoid follicle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, quantification

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