Fundus Autofluorescence Changes in Age-related Maculopathy

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Abstract

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to describe the fundus autofluorescence (FAF) findings of age-related maculopathy and risk patterns associated with FAF changes.

Materials and Methods:

FAF images of 150 eyes with age-related maculopathy were evaluated retrospectively. FAF patterns were classified as normal, minimal change, focal increase, patchy, linear, lace-like, reticular, and speckled pattern. Correlation between patterns and visual acuity, pattern associations at initial visit, and focal atrophy development and pattern alterations during follow-up were evaluated.

Results:

At initial examination, 33.3% of the eyes showed no FAF pattern. In the other eyes, the most common patterns were reticular, focal increase, and patchy pattern at rates of 18%, 14.7%, and 11.3%, respectively. There was no correlation between pattern and visual acuity at initial visit. Two coexisting patterns were observed in 4.6% eyes, and the most common pattern in these combinations was reticular pattern (85.7%). Pattern alterations were observed in 5.3% of the eyes during follow-up. Half of these alterations involved transformation to reticular pattern or addition of reticular pattern to the initial pattern. In addition, 13.3% of the eyes developed focal atrophy during follow-up. Development of focal atrophy was more common with focal increase and reticular pattern, with rates of 45% and 30%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Presence of reticular pattern may be a risk factor for change and progression of FAF findings in age-related maculopathy.

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Most cited references 27

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Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population: the Rotterdam Study.

C Klaver, R C Wolfs, J. R. Vingerling … (1998)

To study the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in various age categories of a large population-based study. For the study, 6775 subjects aged 55 years or older underwent an extensive ophthalmologic screening examination, including measurements of visual acuity and the visual field and fundus photography. The causes of blindness or visual impairment were determined using all screening information and medical records. The prevalence of blindness, according to World Health Organization criteria, ranged from 0.1% in subjects aged 55 to 64 years to 3.9% in subjects aged 85 years or older; the prevalence of visual impairment ranged from 0.1% to 11.8%. For persons younger than 75 years, myopic degeneration and optic neuropathy were the most important causes of impaired vision. For persons aged 75 years or older, age-related macular degeneration was the major cause of the increased prevalence of blindness, whereas age-related cataract predominantly caused the increased prevalence of visual impairment. The hierarchy of causes of blindness and visual impairment is highly determined by age. As yet, little can be done to reduce the exponential increase of blindness; however, adequate implementation of surgery to treat cataract could reduce visual impairment by one third. Underuse of ophthalmologic care is a prominent cause of the high frequency of untreated cataracts among the elderly.

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Prevalence and significance of subretinal drusenoid deposits (reticular pseudodrusen) in age-related macular degeneration.

Sandrine A Zweifel, Yutaka Imamura, Theodore Spaide … (2010)

To determine the prevalence and significance of subretinal drusenoid deposits (reticular pseudodrusen) among patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A prospective study with a nested case-control study of consecutive patients with AMD seen in a referral retinal practice. There were 153 patients with AMD, 131 of whom had > or =1 eye with late AMD, which was defined as either central geographic atrophy or choroidal neovascularization. The control group consisted of 101 patients who did not have AMD as their primary diagnosis, central serous chorioretinopathy, high myopia, retinal detachment, or laser treatment in the macular area. The presence of subretinal drusenoid deposits was determined by 2 methods, using the blue channel of color fundus photograph and the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) sections. Soft drusen were determined from color fundus photographs and confirmed by SD-OCT. Prevalence of ocular risk factors and subretinal drusenoid deposits in eyes with AMD and their association with late AMD. There were 153 patients who had any form of AMD, with a mean age of 80.3 years. Subretinal drusenoid deposits were diagnosed in the case group in 13 (8.7%) of right and 18 (12.0%) of left eyes using the blue channel of the color photograph and in 58 (38.4%) of right and 54 (35.8%) of left eyes using SD-OCT. Soft drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits detected by SD-OCT were found to be independently correlated with late AMD (soft drusen odds ratio = 16.66 [P<0.001]; subretinal drusenoid deposits as detected by OCT odds ratio = 2.64 [P = 0.034]). In the control group, subretinal drusenoid deposits were diagnosed in 6 (6.5%) of right and 6 (6.3%) of left eyes using SD-OCT. Both soft drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits occur in patients with AMD and both are significantly associated with late AMD. These findings suggest that detection and classification of drusen and consequently assignment of risk should be based on a methodology that includes SD-OCT. Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study.

K Attebo, Christopher Smith, Aaron P. Mitchell (1996)

The Blue Mountains Eye Study is a population-based study of vision and the causes of visual impairment and blindness in a well-defined urban, Australian population 49 years of age and older. The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity was measured before and after refraction in 3647 persons, representing an 88% response rate in two postcode areas in the Blue Mountains area, west of Sydney. Refraction improved visual acuity by one or more lines in 45% of participants and by three or more lines in 13%. Visual impairment (visual acuity 20/40 or worse in the better eye) was found in 170 participants (4.7%). Mild visual impairment (Snellen equivalent 20/40 to 20/60 in the better eye) was found in 3.4% moderate visual impairment (20/80 to 20/160 in the better eye) in 0.6%, and severe visual impairment or blindness (20/200 or worse in the better eye) in 0.7%. Visual impairment increased with age from 0.8% of persons 49 to 54 years of age to 42% of persons 85 years of age or older. Visual impairment was significantly more frequent in females at all ages. Among persons with severe visual impairment, 79% were female. After adjusting for age, females were less likely to achieve 20/20 best-corrected visual acuity than males (odds ratio, 0.57; confidence interval, 0.48-0.66). After adjusting for age and sex, no association was found between visual acuity and socioeconomic status. Age-related macular degeneration was the cause of blindness in 21 of the 24 persons with corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse. Increasing age and female sex were independent predictors of visual impairment.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Turk J Ophthalmol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Turk J Ophthalmol

Journal ID (publisher-id): TJO

Title: Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology

Publisher: Galenos Publishing

ISSN (Print): 2149-8695

ISSN (Electronic): 2149-8709

Publication date (Print): December 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 27 December 2018

Volume: 48

Issue: 6

Pages: 304-308

Affiliations

[1 ]Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey

Author notes

* Address for Correspondence: Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 595 62 48 E-mail: pinarbingol84@ 123456gmail.com

Author information

Pınar Bingöl Kızıltunç https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-7926

Figen Şermet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-7512

Article

Publisher ID: 21062

DOI: 10.4274/tjo.69260

PMC ID: 6330662

PubMed ID: 30605937

SO-VID: 75ea5dfd-9687-4583-aac0-1949339d0f46

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Fundus Autofluorescence Changes in Age-related Maculopathy

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Abstract

Objectives:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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Most cited references 27

Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population: the Rotterdam Study.

Prevalence and significance of subretinal drusenoid deposits (reticular pseudodrusen) in age-related macular degeneration.

Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study.

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