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      Superplastic nanoscale pore shaping by ion irradiation

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          Abstract

          Exposed to ionizing radiation, nanomaterials often undergo unusual transformations compared to their bulk form. However, atomic-level mechanisms of such transformations are largely unknown. This work visualizes and quantifies nanopore shrinkage in nanoporous alumina subjected to low-energy ion beams in a helium ion microscope. Mass transport in porous alumina is thus simultaneously induced and imaged with nanoscale precision, thereby relating nanoscale interactions to mesoscopic deformations. The interplay between chemical bonds, disorders, and ionization-induced transformations is analyzed. It is found that irradiation-induced diffusion is responsible for mass transport and that the ionization affects mobility of diffusive entities. The extraordinary room temperature superplasticity of the normally brittle alumina is discovered. These findings enable the effective manipulation of chemical bonds and structural order by nanoscale ion-matter interactions to produce mesoscopic structures with nanometer precision, such as ultra-high density arrays of sub-10-nm pores with or without the accompanying controlled plastic deformations.

          Abstract

          When nanomaterials are exposed to ionizing radiation, they often sustain mesoscopic changes not seen in their bulk form. Here, the authors use a helium ion microscope to induce and examine transformations in nanoporous alumina, drawing connections between atomic structure and nano- and microscale behavior in materials under irradiation.

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          Ion-beam sculpting at nanometre length scales.

          Manipulating matter at the nanometre scale is important for many electronic, chemical and biological advances, but present solid-state fabrication methods do not reproducibly achieve dimensional control at the nanometre scale. Here we report a means of fashioning matter at these dimensions that uses low-energy ion beams and reveals surprising atomic transport phenomena that occur in a variety of materials and geometries. The method is implemented in a feedback-controlled sputtering system that provides fine control over ion beam exposure and sample temperature. We call the method "ion-beam sculpting", and apply it to the problem of fabricating a molecular-scale hole, or nanopore, in a thin insulating solid-state membrane. Such pores can serve to localize molecular-scale electrical junctions and switches and function as masks to create other small-scale structures. Nanopores also function as membrane channels in all living systems, where they serve as extremely sensitive electro-mechanical devices that regulate electric potential, ionic flow, and molecular transport across cellular membranes. We show that ion-beam sculpting can be used to fashion an analogous solid-state device: a robust electronic detector consisting of a single nanopore in a Si3N4 membrane, capable of registering single DNA molecules in aqueous solution.
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            Theory of ripple topography induced by ion bombardment

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              Porous anodic aluminum oxide: anodization and templated synthesis of functional nanostructures.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                mrtz.aramesh@gmail.com
                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2041-1723
                26 February 2018
                26 February 2018
                2018
                : 9
                : 835
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000000089150953, GRID grid.1024.7, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Future Environments, , Queensland University of Technology (QUT), ; Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
                [2 ]CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory, Common wealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Lindfield, NSW 2070 Australia
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2156 2780, GRID grid.5801.c, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, , ETH Zürich, ; 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1791 8264, GRID grid.412786.e, Department of Nano Science, , University of Science and Technology, ; Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
                [5 ]ISNI 0000000089150953, GRID grid.1024.7, Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, , Queensland University of Technology (QUT), ; Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2071-1929
                Article
                3316
                10.1038/s41467-018-03316-7
                5827561
                29483582
                760d5b99-fa89-482b-baa6-6597b8014c8f
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 5 May 2017
                : 5 February 2018
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