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      Impact of Perioperative Complications on Living Kidney Donor Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health: Results From a Prospective Cohort Study

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Although living kidney donation is safe, some donors experience perioperative complications.

          Objective:

          This study explored how perioperative complications affected donor-reported health-related quality of life, depression, and anxiety.

          Design:

          This research was a conducted as a prospective cohort study.

          Setting:

          Twelve transplant centers across Canada.

          Patients:

          A total of 912 living kidney donors were included in this study.

          Measurements:

          Short Form 36 health survey, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory.

          Methods:

          Living kidney donors were prospectively enrolled predonation between 2009 to 2014. Donor perioperative complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification system. Mental and physical health-related quality of life was assessed with the 3 measurements; measurements were taken predonation and at 3- and 12-months postdonation.

          Results:

          Seventy-four donors (8%) experienced a perioperative complication; most were minor (n = 67 [91%]), and all minor complications resolved before hospital discharge. The presence (versus absence) of a perioperative complication was associated with lower mental health-related quality of life and higher depression symptoms 3-month postdonation; neither of these differences persisted at 12-month. Perioperative complications were not associated with any changes in physical health-related quality of life or anxiety 3-month postdonation.

          Limitations:

          Minor complications may have been missed and information on complications postdischarge were not collected. No minimal clinically significant change has been defined for kidney donors across the 3 measurements.

          Conclusions:

          These findings highlight a potential opportunity to better support the psychosocial needs of donors who experience perioperative complications in the months following donation.

          Trial registration:

          NCT00319579 and NCT00936078.

          Abrégé

          Contexte:

          Bien que le don vivant d’un rein soit une procédure sécuritaire, certains donneurs souffrent tout de même de complications périopératoires.

          Objectifs:

          Cette étude a examiné l’incidence des complications périopératoires sur la qualité de vie liée à la santé et les symptômes de dépression et d’anxiété rapportés par les donneurs.

          Type d’étude:

          Étude de cohorte prospective

          Cadre:

          Douze centers de transplantation à travers le Canada

          Sujets:

          912 donneurs vivants d’un rein

          Mesures:

          Un questionnaire abrégé de 36 questions sur l’état de santé, l’inventaire de dépression Beck et l’inventaire d’anxiété Beck

          Méthodologie:

          Les donneurs ont été inscrits avant le don de façon prospective entre 2009 et 2014. Les complications périopératoires des donneurs ont été classées à l’aide du système de classification Clavien-Dindo. La qualité de vie liée à la santé physique et mentale a été évaluée à l’aide des trois outils de mesure; ces mesures ont été faites avant le don, puis 3 et 12 mois après le don.

          Résultats:

          Au total, 74 donneurs (8 %) ont souffert d’une complication périopératoire; la plupart étaient mineures (n = 67 [91 %]) et ont été résolues avant le congé de l’hôpital. La présence (par rapport à l’absence) d’une complication périopératoire a été associée à une plus faible qualité de vie liée à la santé mentale et à des symptômes de dépression plus graves 3 mois après le don; aucune de ces différences n’a persisté après 12 mois. Les complications périopératoires n’ont pas été associées à des changements dans la qualité de vie liée à la santé physique ou à l’anxiété 3 mois après le don.

          Limites:

          Certaines complications mineures ont pu être manquées. L’information sur les complications survenues après le congé n’a pas été recueillie. Dans les trois outils de mesure, aucune variation minimale cliniquement significative n’a été définie pour les donneurs d’un rein.

          Conclusion:

          Ces résultats soulignent une occasion de mieux répondre aux besoins psychosociaux des donneurs d’un rein qui présentent des complications périopératoires dans les mois suivant le don.

          Related collections

          Most cited references47

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          • Abstract: found
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          The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience.

          The lack of consensus on how to define and grade adverse postoperative events has greatly hampered the evaluation of surgical procedures. A new classification of complications, initiated in 1992, was updated 5 years ago. It is based on the type of therapy needed to correct the complication. The principle of the classification was to be simple, reproducible, flexible, and applicable irrespective of the cultural background. The aim of the current study was to critically evaluate this classification from the perspective of its use in the literature, by assessing interobserver variability in grading complex complication scenarios and to correlate the classification grades with patients', nurses', and doctors' perception. Reports from the literature using the classification system were systematically analyzed. Next, 11 scenarios illustrating difficult cases were prepared to develop a consensus on how to rank the various complications. Third, 7 centers from different continents, having routinely used the classification, independently assessed the 11 scenarios. An agreement analysis was performed to test the accuracy and reliability of the classification. Finally, the perception of the severity was tested in patients, nurses, and physicians by presenting 30 scenarios, each illustrating a specific grade of complication. We noted a dramatic increase in the use of the classification in many fields of surgery. About half of the studies used the contracted form, whereas the rest used the full range of grading. Two-thirds of the publications avoided subjective terms such as minor or major complications. The study of 11 difficult cases among various centers revealed a high degree of agreement in identifying and ranking complications (89% agreement), and enabled a better definition of unclear situations. Each grade of complications significantly correlated with the perception by patients, nurses, and physicians (P < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). This 5-year evaluation provides strong evidence that the classification is valid and applicable worldwide in many fields of surgery. No modification in the general principle of classification is warranted in view of the use in ongoing publications and trials. Subjective, inaccurate, or confusing terms such as "minor or major" should be removed from the surgical literature.
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            The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection.

            A 36-item short-form (SF-36) was constructed to survey health status in the Medical Outcomes Study. The SF-36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys. The SF-36 includes one multi-item scale that assesses eight health concepts: 1) limitations in physical activities because of health problems; 2) limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems; 3) limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; 4) bodily pain; 5) general mental health (psychological distress and well-being); 6) limitations in usual role activities because of emotional problems; 7) vitality (energy and fatigue); and 8) general health perceptions. The survey was constructed for self-administration by persons 14 years of age and older, and for administration by a trained interviewer in person or by telephone. The history of the development of the SF-36, the origin of specific items, and the logic underlying their selection are summarized. The content and features of the SF-36 are compared with the 20-item Medical Outcomes Study short-form.
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              • Article: not found

              Classification of Surgical Complications

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Can J Kidney Health Dis
                Can J Kidney Health Dis
                CJK
                spcjk
                Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease
                SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                2054-3581
                11 August 2021
                2021
                : 8
                : 20543581211037429
                Affiliations
                [1 ]London Health Sciences Centre, ON, Canada
                [2 ]Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
                [3 ]The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
                [4 ]Foothills Medical Center, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
                [5 ]Medical School, Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
                [6 ]Division of Nephrology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
                [7 ]University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
                [8 ]Division of Nephrology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
                [9 ]Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
                [10 ]University of Toronto, ON, Canada
                [11 ]Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
                [12 ]St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
                [13 ]Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
                [14 ]Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
                [15 ]Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
                Author notes
                [*]Liane S. Feldman, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue D6-136, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, USA. Email: liane.feldman@ 123456mcgill.ca
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2403-2392
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7784-2028
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-3114
                Article
                10.1177_20543581211037429
                10.1177/20543581211037429
                8361543
                34394947
                761fee40-5a9c-4ffa-a096-0dd1bc99e2f2
                © The Author(s) 2021

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                : 19 April 2021
                : 5 July 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: canadian institutes of health research, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000024;
                Funded by: astellas pharma us, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100004324;
                Categories
                Original Clinical Research Quantitative
                Custom metadata
                January-December 2021
                ts1

                depression,health-related quality of life,living kidney donation

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