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      Amputación del miembro inferior por pie diabético en hospitales de la costa norte peruana 1990 - 2000: características clínico-epidemiológicas

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Identificar las características clínico-epidemiológicas de la amputación del miembro inferior por pie diabético en pacientes de la costa norte peruana durante los años 1990-2000. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, basado en recolección de información de pacientes atendidos en cinco hospitales de cuatro capitales de departamento de la costa norte peruana. Se recolectaron datos demográficos y de la enfermedad (diagnóstico y manejo). Resultados: Se incluyeron 250 pacientes procedentes de: Hospital JAMO de Tumbes 8,4%, Hospital Cayetano Heredia de Piura 40,0%, Hospital Regional Docente Las Mercedes de Lambayeque 18,0%, Hospital Belén 24,4% y Hospital Regional Docente de La Libertad 9,2%. El 61,2% fueron varones y la edad promedio fue 63,5±10 años. El 98,4% presentaron diabetes mellitus tipo 2, 56,5% sufrieron amputaciones mayores (p<0,05) y 10,4% amputaciones mayores secuenciales. El tiempo de reamputación fue ≤ 24 meses en 71,3% (p<0,05). Se identificó estadiaje de pie diabético según Wagner en 44 (11,8%), con un cuarto grado en 45,0%. El tiempo con enfermedad de los pacientes hasta la primera amputación fue entre 11 y 20 años (31,2%), destacando 13,6% casos con pie diabético como primera forma de presentación de DM y 2,5% con sintomatología de larga data pero que carecían de diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus. De las amputaciones, sólo el 8,3% fueron sometidas a debridaciones y el 4,4% a revascularización. Conclusiones: Se encontró una frecuencia importante de pie diabético. Los problemas detectados fueron: carencia de ayuda diagnóstica complementaria, falta de aplicación de procedimientos de salvataje previos a la amputación y no fueron evaluados integralmente los pacientes. Estos problemas deben ser resueltos para mejorar la calidad de vida y reducir las amputaciones innecesarias.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To identify the characteristic clinical-epidemiology of the amputation of the inferior member (AIM) by diabetic foot (DF) in patients of the peruvian north coast during years 1990-2000. Materials and methods: Study descriptive, retrospective, that collected information of patients taken care of 5 hospitals of 4 capitals of department of the peruvian north coast. Demographic data and the disease were collected (diagnosis and handling). Results: 250 patients were included: 21(8.4%) Hospital JAMO of Tumbes, 100 (40.0%) Hospital Cayetano Heredia of Piura, 45 (18%) Hospital Regional Docente Las Mercedes of Lambayeque, and 61 (24.4%) Hospital Belen and 23 (9.2%) Hospital Regional Docente of La Libertad 61.2% were men and the age average was 63.5±10 years. 98.4% presented DM type 2, 56.5% underwent greater amputations (p<0.05). 10.4% were sequential greater amputations. The time of reamputación he was ≤ 24 months in 71.3% (p<0.05). Stage of DF was identified according to Wagner in 44 (11.8%), with a Wagner fourth degree in 45.0%. The time of DM until first amputation was of 11-20 years (31.2%), emphasizing 13.6% cases with DF as first form of presentation of DM and 2.5% with sintomatología of long data but that lacked DM. Of the amputations, single 8,3% were put under debridaciones and 4.4% to revascularización Conclusions: Was an important frequency of DF and its complication of greater impact in the quality of life (amputation), emphasizing the deficiency of complementary diagnosis, as well as of previous procedures of salvataje to the amputation, those that would have to be improved looking for to diminish unnecessary amputations.

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          Most cited references43

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          Assessment and management of foot disease in patients with diabetes.

          Limb- or life-threatening complications in patients with diabetes can be prevented with an integrated, multidisciplinary approach. Most patients seen in clinical practice are in the early stages of the disease process. Glycemic control retards the progression of neuropathy, which is the most important risk factor for ulceration. Early detection of the loss of protective sensation and implementation of strategies to prevent ulceration will reduce the rates of limb-threatening complications. Clinicians should routinely examine the feet of diabetic patients. Education in foot care, proper footwear, and close follow-up are required to prevent or promptly detect neuropathic injury. If ulceration occurs, removal of pressure from the site of the ulcer and careful management of the wound will allow healing in most cases. The failure to heal despite these measures should prompt a search for associated arterial insufficiency. If infection is present, appropriate antimicrobial therapy combined with immediate surgical intervention, including revascularization when necessary, will increase the chances of saving the limb. With this comprehensive approach, it is possible to achieve the goal of a 40 percent decrease in amputation rates among diabetic patients by the year 2000.
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            The Epidemiology of Diabetic Foot Problems

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              Manufactured shoes in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers.

              To evaluate the efficacy of manufactured shoes specially designed for diabetic patients (Podiabetes by Buratto Italy) to prevent relapses of foot ulcerations. A prospective multicenter randomized follow-up study of patients with previous foot ulcerations was conducted. Patients were alternatively assigned to wear either their own shoes (control group, C; n = 36) or therapeutic shoes (Podiabetes group, P; n = 33). The number of ulcer relapses was recorded during 1-year follow-up. Both C and P groups had similar risk factors for foot ulceration (i.e., previous foot ulceration, mean vibratory perception threshold > 25 mV). After 1 year, the foot ulcer relapses were significantly lower in P than in C (27.7 vs. 58.3%; P = 0.009; odds ratio 0.26 [0.2-1.54]). In a multiple regression analysis, the use of therapeutic shoes was negatively associated with foot ulcer relapses (coefficient of variation = -0.315; 95% confidence interval = -0.54 to -0.08; P = 0.009). The use of specially designed shoes is effective in preventing relapses in diabetic patients with previous ulceration.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rins
                Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica
                Rev. perú. med. exp. salud publica
                Instituto Nacional de Salud (Lima, , Peru )
                1726-4634
                July 2003
                : 20
                : 3
                : 138-144
                Affiliations
                [02] Lima orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Perú
                [01] Libertad orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Trujillo Perú
                Article
                S1726-46342003000300005 S1726-4634(03)02000305
                76301955-d6f3-48ae-866d-f1cd3ef2c89c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Peru

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
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                Amputación,Peru,Amputation,complications,Diabetic foot,surgery,diagnosis,Perú,complicaciones,Pie diabético,cirugía,diagnóstico

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