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      Determination of Aniline and Its Derivatives in Environmental Water by Capillary Electrophoresis with On-Line Concentration

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          Abstract

          This paper describes a simple, sensitive and environmentally benign method for the direct determination of aniline and its derivatives in environmental water samples by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with field-enhanced sample injection. The parameters that influenced the enhancement and separation efficiencies were investigated. Surprisingly, under the optimized conditions, two linear ranges for the calibration plot, 1–50 ng/mL and 50–1000 ng/mL ( R > 0.998), were obtained. The detection limit was in the range of 0.29–0.43 ng/mL. To eliminate the effect of the real sample matrix on the stacking efficiency, the standard addition method was applied to the analysis of water samples from local rivers.

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          On-line sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. Fundamentals and applications.

          Steven L. Simpson, Joselito Quirino, Shigeru Terabe (2008)
          On-line preconcentration is one of the aspects of analytical method development using capillary electrophoretic techniques. The choice of the sample matrix alone can significantly alter both method sensitivity and separation efficiency. The recent trend to detect samples in narrower separation vessels also necessitates the need to improve detection sensitivity. The desire to detect very low levels of analytes using limited amounts of sample from biological specimens and the high separation efficiency obtainable using very large injections compared to classical small size injections also adds to this list. Indeed, one of the rich areas of research in the capillary electrophoresis field is on on-line sample preconcentration. More than 400 published research articles gathered from the http://www.webofscience.com from the year 2000 described a form of on-line preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. This review provides a comprehensive table listing the applications of on-line preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis.
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            Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2008-2010).

            Michael Breadmore, Mohamed Dawod, Joselito Quirino (2010)
            Capillary electrophoresis has been alive for over two decades now; yet, its sensitivity is still regarded as being inferior to that of more traditional methods of separation such as HPLC. As such, it is unsurprising that overcoming this issue still generates much scientific interest. This review continues to update this series of reviews, first published in Electrophoresis in 2007, with an update published in 2009 and covers material published through to June 2010. It includes developments in the fields of stacking, covering all methods from field-amplified sample stacking and large volume sample stacking, through to ITP, dynamic pH junction and sweeping. Attention is also given to on-line or in-line extraction methods that have been used for electrophoresis. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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              Mechanisms of action of carcinogenic aromatic amines: an investigation using mutagenesis in bacteria.

              John Scribner, Sharon R. Fisk, Norma K. Scribner (1979)
              The mutagenicities of groups of N-acetoxy-N-arylacetamides, nitroarenes, arylamides and arylamines were determined in the Salmonella typhimurium tester stains TA98, TA1538, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537. Three broad classes of mutagenic activity were found, interpreted as follows: class A, including 2-naphthylamine, produced essentially only base-pair substitution without induction of error-prone repair; class B, including 4-aminobiphenyl, caused consideration induction of error-prone repair, accompanied by a lower level of frame shifting; class C, including N-acetoxy-2-acetamidofluorene, produced high levels of frame shifting, with some induction of error-prone repair. Correlation of these results with known reactions of certain aromatic amine derivatives with nucleosides and nucleic acids, and with molecular orbital calculations, suggests that the effect of class A is produced by small aromatic groups attached to extranuclear heteroatoms in DNA bases, the effect of class B is caused by large aromatic groups attached to extranuclear heteroatoms or by arylamines attached to C-8 of guanine, while the effect of class C is caused by arylamides attached to C-8 of guanine, probably rotating into the helix, as proposed by others. The data also suggest that the N-acetoxy-N-arylacetamides are generally useful models for ultimate metabolites derived in vivo, even if the in vivo metabolites do not carry an acetyl group. Finally, there is a rough correlation between the sum of reversions induced in TA98 and TA100 by the N-acetoxy-N-arylacetamides and their previously determined local carcinogenicities. There is a poor correlation between mutagenicity in any one tester strain and carcinogenicity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 05 June 2012
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 6863-6872
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: wang3108@ 123456126.com (W.W.); baifk1988@ 123456nwsuaf.edu.cn (J.C.); sjz06101959@ 123456yeah.net (J.S.)
                [2 ]State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: shliu815@ 123456126.com ; Tel./Fax: +86-029-8709-2226.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-13-06863
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms13066863
                PMC ID: 3397500
                PubMed ID: 22837668
                SO-VID: 7646b91b-021d-4ac9-be06-8d735a158251
                Copyright © © 2012 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 26 March 2012
                Date revision received : 27 April 2012
                Date accepted : 17 May 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: environmental analysis,on-line concentration,capillary electrophoresis,aromatic amines,water analysis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: environmental analysis, on-line concentration, capillary electrophoresis, aromatic amines, water analysis

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