24
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Effects of Exercise on the Structure and Circulation of Choroid in Normal Eyes

      PLoS ONE
      Public Library of Science

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Aims

          To determine the effects of dynamic exercise on the circulation and the luminal and stromal areas of the choroid in normal eyes.

          Methods

          This was a prospective interventional study of 38 eyes of 38 normal subjects enrolled by invitation. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, intraocularpressure, mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP), choroidal blood velocity, and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic (EDI-OCT) images were recorded before, and immediately after mild dynamic exercise. The same measurements were recorded after 10 min of rest. The choroidal blood velocity was measured bylaser speckle flowgraphy, and the mean blur rate was used for the evaluations. The horizontal EDI-OCT images of the subfoveal choroid were converted to binary images. The central choroidal thickness (CCT), total cross sectional choroidal area, luminal areas, stromal areas, and the ratio of luminal area to total choroidal area (L/C ratio) were determined from these images.

          Results

          The systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, MOPP, and the mean blur rate were significantly increased immediately after the exercise and significantly decreased 10 minutes after the exercise. There wereno significant changes in the mean CCT, the mean total choroidal area, the mean luminal and stromal areas, and the mean L/C ratio after the exercise.

          Conclusions

          Our results suggest that a rest period is needed before measurements of blood flow velocity but not necessary for the EDI-OCT imaging to determine the choroidal thickness and area.

          Related collections

          Most cited references34

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Diurnal variation of choroidal thickness in normal, healthy subjects measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

          To describe the pattern and magnitude of diurnal variation of choroidal thickness (CT), its relation to systemic and ocular factors, and to determine the intervisit reproducibility of diurnal patterns. A prospective study was conducted on 12 healthy volunteers who each underwent sequential ocular imaging on two separate days at five fixed, 2-hour time intervals. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) with enhanced depth imaging and image tracking was performed using a standardized protocol. Choroidal and retinal thicknesses were independently assessed by two masked graders. CT diurnal variation was assessed using repeated-measures ANOVA. A significant diurnal variation in CT was observed, with mean maximum CT of 372.2 μm, minimum of 340.6 μm (P < 0.001), and mean diurnal amplitude of 33.7 μm. Retinal thickness (mean, 235.0 μm) did not exhibit significant diurnal variation (P = 0.621). The amplitude of CT variation was significantly greater for subjects with thicker morning baseline CT compared with those with thin choroids (43.1 vs. 10.5 μm, P < 0.001). There were significant correlations between amplitude of CT and age (P = 0.032), axial length (P < 0.001), and spherical equivalent (P < 0.001). The change in CT also correlated with change in systolic blood pressure (P = 0.031). Comparing CT on two different days, a similar diurnal pattern was observed, with no significant difference between corresponding measurements at the same time points (P = 0.180). There is significant diurnal variation of CT, with good intervisit reproducibility of diurnal patterns on two different days. The amplitude of variation varies with morning baseline CT, and is correlated with age, axial length, refractive error, and change in systolic blood pressure.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Diurnal variations in axial length, choroidal thickness, intraocular pressure, and ocular biometrics.

            To investigate the pattern of diurnal variations in axial length (AL), choroidal thickness, intraocular pressure (IOP), and ocular biometrics over 2 consecutive days. Measurements of ocular biometrics and IOP were collected for 30 young adult subjects (15 myopes, 15 emmetropes) at 10 different times over 2 consecutive days. Five sets of measurements were collected each day at approximately 3-hour intervals, with the first measurement taken at ~9 AM and final measurement at ~9 PM. AL underwent significant diurnal variation (P < 0.0001) that was consistently observed across the 2 measurement days. The longest AL was typically observed at the second measurement session (mean time, 12:26) and the shortest AL at the final session of each day (mean time, 21:06). The mean diurnal change in AL was 0.032 ± 0.018 mm. Choroidal thickness underwent significant diurnal variation (mean change, 0.029 ± 0.016 mm; P < 0.001) and varied approximately in antiphase to the AL changes. Significant diurnal variations were also found in vitreous chamber depth (VCD; mean change, 0.06 ± 0.029 mm; P < 0.0001) and IOP (mean change, 3.54 ± 0.84 mm Hg; P < 0.0001). A positive association was found between the variations of AL and IOP (r(2) = 0.17, P < 0.0001) and AL and VCD (r(2) = 0.31, P < 0.0001) and a negative association between AL and choroidal thickness (r(2) = 0.13, P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in the magnitude and timing of diurnal variations associated with refractive error. Significant diurnal variations in AL, choroidal thickness, and IOP were consistently observed over 2 consecutive days of testing.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Choroidal structure in normal eyes and after photodynamic therapy determined by binarization of optical coherence tomographic images.

              To determine changes in choroidal structure by binarization of optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                14 December 2016
                2016
                : 11
                : 12
                : e0168336
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
                [2 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
                [3 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
                Universita degli Studi di Firenze, ITALY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                • Conceptualization: TK YM.

                • Data curation: TK JM KS.

                • Formal analysis: TK JM KA KS YM.

                • Funding acquisition: YM.

                • Investigation: TK JM NO HI.

                • Methodology: TK YM.

                • Project administration: TK HI.

                • Resources: TK JM NO HI MI MS HM SS TS.

                • Software: SS.

                • Supervision: TS.

                • Validation: TK YM.

                • Visualization: TK JM KS YM.

                • Writing – original draft: TK.

                • Writing – review & editing: TK JM NO HI MI MS HM KA KS SS TS YM.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0465-2140
                Article
                PONE-D-16-27960
                10.1371/journal.pone.0168336
                5156418
                27973598
                764b3ee1-b711-4a4d-9b8a-9d93919a6765
                © 2016 Kinoshita et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 10 August 2016
                : 28 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 3, Pages: 14
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (JP)
                Award ID: 16K11288
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported in part by grant-in-aid 16K11288 (to YM) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. URL: http://www.mext.go.jp/english/. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Vascular Medicine
                Blood Pressure
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Body Fluids
                Blood
                Blood Flow
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Body Fluids
                Blood
                Blood Flow
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Body Fluids
                Blood
                Blood Flow
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Body Fluids
                Blood
                Blood Flow
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Hematology
                Blood
                Blood Flow
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Eyes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Eyes
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Eyes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Eyes
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Ocular Anatomy
                Choroid
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Ocular Anatomy
                Choroid
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Hematology
                Hemodynamics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Intraocular Pressure
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Intraocular Pressure
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Cardiology
                Heart Rate
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Physical Activity
                Physical Fitness
                Exercise
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Sports and Exercise Medicine
                Exercise
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Sports Science
                Sports and Exercise Medicine
                Exercise
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article