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      Relationship of kimono grip strength tests with isokinetic parameters in jiu-jitsu athletes Translated title: Relação entre testes de resistência de força com o kimono com parâmetros isocinéticos em atletas de jiu jitsu

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          Abstract

          Abstract The aim of the present study was to correlate two specific kimono grip strength tests (KGST) with elbow flexors and extensors isokinetic parameters in Jiu Jitsu (JJ) athletes. Fifteen male JJ athletes, from blue to black belt, participated in the study. The two KGST were: maximum static lift (MSL), and maximum number of repetitions (MNR), both gripping a kimono wrapped around a bar. Isokinetic tests consisted of three sets of 5 s elbow flexion-extension maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in three different elbow angles (45, 90 and 120°), and two sets of five concentric-eccentric elbow flexion-extension maximum dynamic contractions at 60°∙s-1, to determine peak torque (PT). Absolute values of MSL and MNR were 41.4 ± 16.2 s and 10 ± 5 reps, respectively, and tests presented a nearly perfect correlation among them (r=0.91; p<0.001). Significant correlations were reported between MNR and PT during MVIC for elbow flexors at 45° and 90°, elbow extensors at 120°, and during concentric and eccentric dynamic contractions for both flexors and extensors. Therefore, KGST were highly correlated with isokinetic parameters, and were nearly perfect correlated among them, supporting that one of the tests could be chosen to evaluate strength in JJ athletes. The MNR test presented apparently higher levels of relation than MSL, and provided significant information about muscle strength endurance in JJ athletes.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi correlacionar dois testes de força (Kimono Grip Strength Tests - KGST) com parâmetros isocinéticos de flexores e extensores do cotovelo em atletas de Jiu Jitsu (JJ). Quinze praticantes do sexo masculino, faixa azul à preta, participaram do estudo. Os dois KGST foram: máximo tempo de sustentação (MTS), e o máximo número de repetições (MNR), ambos com a pegada no kimono enrolado em uma barra fixa. O protocolo isocinético consistiu em três séries de 5 s de contração voluntária isométrica máxima (CVIM) para flexores e extensores do cotovelo, em três ângulos articulares (45, 90 e 120°), e duas séries de cinco contrações dinâmicas no modo concêntrico-excêntrico a 60°∙s-1, para determinação do pico de torque (PT). Os valores absolutos do MTS e MNR foram 41,4 ± 16,2 s e 10 ± 5 repetições, respectivamente, e apresentaram uma correlação quase perfeita (r=0.91; p<0.001). Correlações significativas foram encontradas entre MNR e PT durante a CVIM de flexores a 45° e 90°, extensores a 120° e em contrações concêntricas e excêntricas para flexores e extensores. Portanto, os KGST foram altamente correlacionados com parâmetros isocinéticos, e com correlação quase perfeita entre si, concluindo que apenas um dos testes pode ser utilizado para avaliar força em atletas de JJ. O teste MNR parece apresentar maiores correlações quando comparado ao MTS e fornecer informações significantes sobre força muscular em atletas de JJ.

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          Generalized equations for predicting body density of men.

          1. Skinfold thickness, body circumferences and body density were measured in samples of 308 and ninety-five adult men ranging in age from 18 to 61 years. 2. Using the sample of 308 men, multiple regression equations were calculated to estimate body density using either the quadratic or log form of the sum of skinfolds, in combination with age, waist and forearm circumference. 3. The multiple correlations for the equations exceeded 0.90 with standard errors of approximately +/- 0.0073 g/ml. 4. The regression equations were cross validated on the second sample of ninety-five men. The correlations between predicted and laboratory-determined body density exceeded 0.90 with standard errors of approximately 0.0077 g/ml. 5. The regression equations were shown to be valid for adult men varying in age and fatness.
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            Variation of muscle moment arms with elbow and forearm position.

            We hypothesized that the moment arms of muscles crossing the elbow vary substantially with forearm and elbow position and that these variations could be represented using a three-dimensional computer model. Flexion/extension and pronation/supination moment arms of the brachioradialis, biceps, brachialis, pronator teres, and triceps were calculated from measurements of tendon displacement and joint angle in two anatomic specimens and were estimated using a computer model of the elbow joint. The anatomical measurements revealed that the flexion/extension moment arms varied by at least 30% over a 95 degrees range of motion. The changes in flexion/extension moment arm magnitudes with elbow flexion angle were represented well by the computer model. The anatomical studies and the computer model demonstrate that the biceps flexion moment arm peaks in a more extended elbow position and has a larger peak when the forearm is supinated. Also, the peak biceps supination moment arm decreases as the elbow is extended. These results emphasize the need to account for the variation of muscle moment arms with elbow flexion and forearm position.
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              Physiological and Technical-tactical Analysis in Brazilian Jiu-jitsu Competition

              Purpose The present study aims at investigating the physiological response and technical-tactical parameters in Brazilian jiu-jitsu competition. Methods The study included 35 male Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes (adult category, body mass: 80.2 ± 13.0 kg), graded from white to brown belt, during combats fought at regional level. Twenty-two fights were analyzed in terms of technique and time structure. Blood glucose, lactate and maximal isometric grip strength were determined before and after the fights. The rate of perceived exertion was also assessed after the fight, using the 6-20 Borg rating. The fights were recorded and the following variables were determined: the exertion/pause ratio and subjective intensity of actions, categorized between low and high intensity. Results The results indicated that during Brazilian jiu-jitsu fights, the glycolytic pathway is only moderately activated (lactate before: 4.4 (4.0 – 4.6) mmol/L, after: 10.1 (8.0 – 11.3) mmol/L; glucose before: 112.4 ± 22.3 mg/dL, after: 130.5 ± 31.0 mg/dL). The exertion during the fight resulted in significant reductions in handgrip strength (right hand grip before: 45.9 ± 10.3 kgf, after: 40.1 ± 9.5 kgf; left hand grip before: 44.2 ± 11.1 kgf, after: 37.0 ± 10.2 kgf). The athletes rated the fight as hard: 15 (13 – 15). Effort/pause ratio was 6:1, while high-intensity actions lasted approximately 4 s, resulting in a low/high intensity? ratio of 8:1. Conclusion It is recommended that coaches direct the training loads to simulate the energy demand imposed by the competitive matches, activating moderately the glycolytic pathway. Moreover, the time structure of combats can be used to prescribe both physical and technical-tactical training.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbcdh
                Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano
                Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum.
                Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Florianópolis )
                1980-0037
                October 2015
                : 17
                : 5
                : 575-582
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1980-00372015000500575
                10.5007/1980-0037.2015v17n5p575
                766059be-87f4-46c3-a92d-437547563e53

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1980-0037&lng=en
                Categories
                SPORT SCIENCES

                Sports medicine
                Martial arts,Muscle strength dynamometer,Sports,Artes marciais,Dinamômetro de força muscular,Esportes

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