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      Assessing radiation dosimetry for microorganisms in naturally radioactive mineral springs using GATE and Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo simulations

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          Abstract

          Mineral springs in Massif Central, France can be characterized by higher levels of natural radioactivity in comparison to the background. The biota in these waters is constantly under radiation exposure mainly from the α-emitters of the natural decay chains, with 226Ra in sediments ranging from 21 Bq/g to 43 Bq/g and 222Rn activity concentrations in water up to 4600 Bq/L. This study couples for the first time micro- and nanodosimetric approaches to radioecology by combining GATE and Geant4-DNA to assess the dose rates and DNA damages to microorganisms living in these naturally radioactive ecosystems. It focuses on unicellular eukaryotic microalgae (diatoms) which display an exceptional abundance of teratological forms in the most radioactive mineral springs in Auvergne. Using spherical geometries for the microorganisms and based on γ-spectrometric analyses, we evaluate the impact of the external exposure to 1000 Bq/L 222Rn dissolved in the water and 30 Bq/g 226Ra in the sediments. Our results show that the external dose rates for diatoms are significant (9.7 μGy/h) and comparable to the threshold (10 μGy/h) for the protection of the ecosystems suggested by the literature. In a first attempt of simulating the radiation induced DNA damage on this species, the rate of DNA Double Strand Breaks per day is estimated to 1.11E-04. Our study confirms the significant mutational pressure from natural radioactivity to which microbial biodiversity has been exposed since Earth origin in hydrothermal springs.

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          Geant4—a simulation toolkit

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            Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components

            Integrating conceptually similar models of the growth of marine and terrestrial primary producers yielded an estimated global net primary production (NPP) of 104.9 petagrams of carbon per year, with roughly equal contributions from land and oceans. Approaches based on satellite indices of absorbed solar radiation indicate marked heterogeneity in NPP for both land and oceans, reflecting the influence of physical and ecological processes. The spatial and temporal distributions of ocean NPP are consistent with primary limitation by light, nutrients, and temperature. On land, water limitation imposes additional constraints. On land and ocean, progressive changes in NPP can result in altered carbon storage, although contrasts in mechanisms of carbon storage and rates of organic matter turnover result in a range of relations between carbon storage and changes in NPP.
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              Geant4 developments and applications

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLOS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                2023
                12 October 2023
                : 18
                : 10
                : e0292608
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC) - UMR6533, CNRS/IN2P3 Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
                [2 ] LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
                [3 ] Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Environnement (LMGE) - UMR6023, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, France
                [4 ] Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB) - UMR6042, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
                [5 ] Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées (SUBATECH) - UMR6457, CNRS/IN2P3/IMT Atlantique/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
                [6 ] Metabolism, Molecular Engineering of Microalgae and Applications, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé Environnement, IUML FR3473, CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
                Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MALAYSIA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                ‡ VB is lead author for the TIRAMISU collaboration (vincent.breton@clermont.in2p3.fr).

                ¶ Membership list of the TIRAMISU collaboration is provided in the Acknowledgments.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-2823
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0414-8462
                Article
                PONE-D-22-32535
                10.1371/journal.pone.0292608
                10569590
                37824461
                76807b37-06b0-4baa-b554-fed1435418b3
                © 2023 Kolovi et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 25 November 2022
                : 25 September 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 10, Pages: 22
                Funding
                Funded by: CNRS
                Award ID: 1083577
                Award Recipient :
                The current study was performed under S. Kolovi’s PhD funding received by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) as a "Prime80 CNRS" project with contract No 1083577. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Plants
                Algae
                Phytoplankton
                Diatoms
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Animals
                Invertebrates
                Plankton
                Phytoplankton
                Diatoms
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Zoology
                Animals
                Invertebrates
                Plankton
                Phytoplankton
                Diatoms
                Earth Sciences
                Geology
                Petrology
                Sediment
                Earth Sciences
                Geology
                Sedimentary Geology
                Sediment
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biophysics
                Dosimetry
                Physical Sciences
                Physics
                Biophysics
                Dosimetry
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Material Properties
                Porosity
                Biology and life sciences
                Genetics
                DNA
                DNA damage
                Biology and life sciences
                Biochemistry
                Nucleic acids
                DNA
                DNA damage
                Physical Sciences
                Physics
                Nuclear Physics
                Radiation
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Chemical Reactions
                Ionization
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Biochemical Simulations
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Computational Biology
                Biochemical Simulations
                Custom metadata
                The simulation code is available on GitHub ( https://github.com/lpc-umr6533/tiramisu_simulation). All relevant parameters and data are within the paper, allowing the reproducibility of the results.

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                Uncategorized

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