Initial Development and Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Cognition of Unpaid Blood Donation Questionnaire

Abstract

Objective: To develop the cognition of unpaid blood donation questionnaire and assess its reliability and validity.

Methods: From July to November 2015, unpaid blood donors and non-donors accompanied them, and voluntary blood donors in the blood donation huts and blood collecting vehicles of Beijing Red Cross Blood Center were selected by convenient sampling method, and conducted with field investigation and internet survey. Based on Maslow′s hierarchy of needs theory, the cognition of blood donation questionnaire (beta version) was designed. The different behaviors of blood donation were tested by the questionnaire, and the items were screened, and the performance of the questionnaire formed by reserved items was further evaluated.

Results: A total of 749 questionnaires were sent out, 725 were collected, and 662 valid questionnaires were obtained. The effective response rate was 88.38%. The questionnaire included 21 items. Seven items were deleted after item analysis, and the cognition of unpaid blood donation questionnaire of 14 items was finally made. Three common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and 60.24% of the total variation was explained. According to the content of each item, factor 1 was named “positive cognition of blood donation” (including 7 items), factor 2 named “negative cognition of blood donation” (including 5 items), factor 3 named “knowledge of blood donation” (including 2 items). Among the 662 subjects, 155 (23.41%) had not donated blood, 292 (44.11%) had a donation of 1 to 4 times, 101 (15.26%) had a donation of 5 to 9 times, 114 (17.22%) had a donation of 10 times or more. There were significant differences in the scores of positive cognition of blood donation, negative cognition of blood donation and knowledge of blood donation, and total scores among blood donors of different donating times (P＜0.001). The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.872, and the overall Cronbach′s α coefficient of positive cognition of blood donation, negative cognition of blood donation and knowledge of blood donation was 0.850, 0.765, and 0.924 respectively.

Conclusion: With scientific and standardized designing and development, the questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a tool for the evaluation of the cognition status of blood donation.